目的 调查天津市儿童医院住院患儿抗菌药物的使用情况，为临床合理应用抗菌药物提供参考。方法 随机抽取天津市儿童医院2016年1~12月住院病例中的918份病历进行统计与分析。结果 病原学检测率为90%，检测阳性率为21.80%。内科和外科的抗菌药物使用率分别为50.15%、47.76%。内科中的呼吸、新生儿、感染、重症科的抗菌药物使用率较高。头孢类（32.60%）、氧头孢烯类（29.30%）、大环内酯类（18.99%）为应用最多的3类抗菌药物。在给药途径方面，静滴给药占71.15%。抗菌药物单用、二联及二联以上的使用率分别为69.17%、26.43%、4.40%。结论 天津市儿童医院抗菌药物应用情况基本符合国家标准，以静滴给药为主，应进一步提高规范应用抗菌药物管理力度，促进抗菌药物合理应用。

Objective To investigate the utilization of antibacterial drugs in inpatient children of Tianjin Children's Hosptial, and to provide reference for clinical rational use of antibacterial drugs. Methods Medical records (918 cases) were selected from a random sample of hospitalized cases in Tianjin Children's Hosptial from January to December in 2016, and were statistically analyzed. Results The detection rate of etiology was 90%, and the detection rate of pathogen was 21.8%. The utilization ratio of antibacterial drugs in Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Surgery were 50.15% and 47.76%, respectively. The utilization ratio of antibacterial drugs in Department of Respiration, Department of Neonatology, Department of Infectious Disease, and Department of ICU in Department of Internal Medicine were high. Cephalosporins (32.60%), oxacephems (29.30%), and macrolides (18.99%) were the most used antibacterial drugs. In terms of the route of administration, the rate of intravenous drip was 71.15%. The ratio of antibacterial drugs for single utilization was 69.17%. Percentage of double utilization of antibacterial drugs was 26.43%, and the others were 4.40%.Conclusion The clinical application of antibacterial drugs in Tianjin Children's Hosptial is basically in line with national standards. Intravenous drip is still the main method of administration. Therefore, the management of antibacterial drugs should be further improved to promote rational application of antibacterial drugs.