目的 分析2014-2016年佛山市第一人民医院病原菌分布及耐药性，为临床用药提供参考。方法 采用回顾性调查方法，对2014-2016年佛山市第一人民医院病原菌分布及耐药性进行统计学分析。结果 共分离出53 404株病原菌，其中革兰阴性菌33 484株，占62.7%，以大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌为主；革兰阳性菌16 182株，占30.3%，以肺炎链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为主；真菌3 738株，占7.0%。病原菌主要来源于痰液，构成比为62.1%。大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌对主要抗菌药物的耐药性均较强，但对于多黏菌素E敏感，敏感率分别为100.0%、99.4%、99.0%；肺炎链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌对万古霉素和替考拉宁的敏感性均较强，其中肺炎链球菌对二者的敏感率分别为99.2%、99.9%，金黄色葡萄球菌对二者的敏感率分别为99.3%、98.9%。真菌的耐药性较小，对大部分抗生素的敏感性较高。结论 应定期进行院内感染病原菌检测，为临床治疗提供参考，临床用药时应重视院内感染病原菌的药敏检测，合理用药。

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics and drug resistance status of the pathogens in Foshan First People's Hospital from 2014 to 2016, and to provide reference for clinical drug use. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in Foshan First People's Hospital from 2014 to 2016. Results Total 53 404 strains of pathogens were isolated, in which Gram-negative bacteria were 33 484 strains (62.7%), and main of them were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Gram-positive bacteria (16 182 strains) accounted for 30.3%, and main of them were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Fungi were 3 738 strains (7.0%). Most of pathogens were isolated from sputum, accounting for 62.1%. E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumannii were resistant to common antibiotics, but were sensitive to polymyxin E, and the sensitive rate were 100.0%, 99.4%, 99.0%, respectively. S. pneumoniae and S. aureus were sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin. The sensitive rate of S. pneumoniae against vancomycin and teicoplanin were 99.2% and 99.9%, respectively. The sensitive rate of S. aureus against vancomycin and teicoplanin were 99.3% and 98.9%. Fungus was sensitive to most antibiotics. Conclusion The detection of pathogenic bacteria should be carried out regularly to provide reference for clinical treatment. The drug susceptibility testing and rational drug use should be should be taken seriously in clinical use.