目的 探讨抗菌药物专项整治前后西安市第一医院抗菌药物的使用情况，为临床合理用药提供参考。方法 采用前后对照的方法，对专项整治活动3年（2011-2013年）和专项整治后3年（2014-2016年）抗菌药物使用情况进行分析。结果 抗菌药物专项整治活动以来，医院的接诊量逐年增加，但抗菌药物的消耗量、住院患者的使用率、使用强度、Ⅰ类切口预防用药使用率、门急诊抗菌药物的使用率均有所下降。专项整治活动后，抗菌药物的使用种类也有所变化，第2代头孢、第3代头孢+酶抑制剂、第4代头孢、糖肽类、抗真菌类、氨曲南、克林霉素、夫西地酸的使用量呈逐年下降趋势，分别下降了30.6%、37.2%、76.9%、25.5%、17.9%。93.3%、47%、81.3%；青霉素+酶抑制剂、第1代头孢、第3代头孢、碳青霉烯类、利奈唑胺的使用量呈增长趋势，分别增长了63.9%、40.3%、124.9%、78.7%、109.9%。进入前10名的抗菌药物相对集中，主要有头孢类、大环内酯类、左氧氟沙星注射液。结论 抗菌药物专项整治活动在西安市第一医院取得了较好的效果，但在抗菌药物的使用上还可能存在用药集中、广谱抗菌药物使用率高等问题，应加强监管，同时开展抗菌药物使用与细菌耐药的相关性研究，以提高抗菌药物使用的合理性，降低耐药菌的产生。

Objective To investigate the use of antimicrobial drugs before and after antibacterial treatment in Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, and to provide reference for rational drug use. Methods The use of antimicrobial drugs before (2011-2013) and after (2014-2016) antibacterial treatment was analyzed by before and after control method. Results Since antibacterial treatment, patients in the hospital increased year after year, but consume of antimicrobial drugs, utilization rate and intensity of inpatients, usage rate of prophylactic in class I incision, the ratio of antimicrobial drugs in Department of Outpatient and Emergency decreased. After antibacterial treatment, the varieties of antimicrobial drugs changed. Usage amount of second generation cephalosporin, third generation cephalosporin + enzyme inhibitor, fourth generation cephalosporin, glycopeptides, antifungal, aztreonam, clindamycin, fusidic acid decreased by 30.6%, 37.2%, 76.9%, 25.5%, 17.9%, 93.3%, 47.0%, and 81.3%. Usage amount of penicillin + enzyme inhibitor, first generation cephalosporin, third generation cephalosporin, carbapenems, linezolid increased by 63.9%, 40.3%, 124.9%, 78.7%, and 109.9%. Top ten antimicrobial drugs were relatively concentrated, and were mainly cephalosporins, macrolides, Levofloxacin Injection. Conclusion The antibacterial treatment gets good results in Xi'an No. 1 Hospital. However, there are still some problems such as dense medication, frequent use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. Supervision should be strengthened, and the correlation research between usage of antimicrobial drugs and antimicrobial resistance should be carried out, in order to improve the rational use of antibiotics and reduce the generation of drug-resistant bacteria.