目的 总结西安市中心医院2014-2016年抗菌药物引起的不良反应（ADR），探讨其影响因素及特点，为临床合理用药提供参考。方法 对西安市中心医院2014-2016年收集的268例抗菌药物ADR报告进行分析。结果 268例ADR报告中，女性患者比率略高于男性患者，老年人及儿童发生率较高；最易发生ADR的抗菌药物种类为喹诺酮类和头孢菌素类；累及皮肤及附件的比率最大，其次为消化系统；静脉滴注为引发ADR的主要给药途径；经采取正确的处理措施和对症治疗，一般预后较好；ADR主要来源于药师收集。结论 临床应重视和加强抗菌药物ADR监测和上报工作，保证合理用药和安全。

Objective To analyze the adverse reactions induced by antimicrobial drugs in Xi'an Central Hospital from 2014 to 2016, and to explore the influencing factors and characteristics, and to provide reference for improving clinical rational drug use. Methods A total of 268 cases of reported adverse drugs reaction (ADR) induced by antimicrobial drugs in Xi'an Central Hospital from 2014 to 2016 were collected and analyzed. Results Among 268 cases of ADR reports, the ratio of female patients was slightly higher than that of male patients, and the incidence rate was higher in elderly and children. The drugs most easily triggering ADR were quinolone and cephalosporin antibiotics. The proportion of affected skins and their attachments was the biggest, followed by the digestive system. Iv infusion was the main route of administration of ADR. The prognosis was better after the correct and symptomatic treatment. The ADR was mainly collected by pharmacist. Conclusion More attention should be paid on the ADR monitoring and reporting of antimicrobial drugs to promote clinical rational use and safe medication.