病原菌耐药性是指细菌使抗菌药物治疗作用下降的一种状态。耐药菌的出现使临床感染性疾病的治疗难度增加，抗菌药物的不合理使用是细菌耐药产生的主要原因，全国范围内或区域医疗机构内有效的抗菌药物管理策略，能够减少抗菌药物使用并逆转细菌耐药性的产生。国内外有关抗菌药物使用与病原菌耐药性相关性的研究较多，国内缺少对全国性或区域性的研究数据。通过综述近年来国内外有关金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌及其他病原菌的耐药性与常用抗菌药物消耗量的相关性，从宏观数据上把握两者间的关系，以期为医院感染的管理提供证据支持。

Bacterial resistance refers to a state in which bacteria reduce the therapeutic effects of antimicrobials. Irrational use of antimicrobial agents is the major cause of increased antimicrobial resistance, and it has been proposed that effective antibiotic stewardship strategies nationwide or in local health-care settings would enable clinicians to reduce antibiotic use and reverse bacteria resistance. There are many studies on the correlation between antimicrobial use and pathogen resistance at home and abroad, but there is a lack of research data on national or regional in China. In this paper, the studies on the correlation between bacterial resistance (including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae and other pathogens) and antibacterial consumption in the recent years are reviewed. The relationship among them from the macro data should be grasped to provide evidence for the management of hospital infection.