目的 了解武汉市新洲区人民医院Ⅰ类切口手术预防用抗菌药物临床应用情况，为临床合理应用抗菌药物提供参考。方法 选取武汉市新洲区人民医院2014年4月-2015年3月（干预前）和2015年4月-2016年3月（干预后）的Ⅰ类切口手术1 247例，比较干预前后抗菌药物的使用率、品种分布、用药合理性和人均使用金额。结果 干预前后，Ⅰ类切口抗菌药物的使用率分别为47.17%、23.49%，比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。干预后，抗菌药物的品种选择更加合理。用药时机及联合用药合理率趋近100%，使用疗程、品种选择及适应症合理率增加明显，干预前后Ⅰ类切口抗菌药物的用药时机、使用疗程、品种选择、给药剂量和适应症合理率比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。抗菌药物人均使用金额也有明显降低，干预前后比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 干预后，武汉市新洲区人民医院Ⅰ类切口抗菌药物临床应用更加合理、规范，干预效果明显。

Objective To understand the prophylactic application of antibiotics in type I incision in Wuhan Xinzhou District People's Hospital, and provide reference for clinical rational use of antibiotics. Methods Patients (1247 cases) in Wuhan Xinzhou District People's Hospital from April 2014 to March 2015 (before intervention) and April 2015 to March 2016 (after intervention) were respectively selected, and usage rate, classes distribution, drug choice, rationality of medication, and per capita amount were compared before and after intervention. Results The use rate of antibiotics in type I incision were 47.17% and 23.49% respectively, and there was difference between before and after the intervention (P < 0.01). After intervention, the variety choice of antibiotics was more reasonable. The reasonable rate of administration time and drug combination was next to 100%, and the reasonable rate of course of treatment, variety choice, and indication was significantly increased, and there were significant differences in administration time, course of treatment, variety choice, dosage of administration, and indication of antibiotics in type I incision before and after the intervention (P < 0.01). The per capita amount of antibiotics was significantly decreased, and there was difference before and after the intervention (P < 0.05). Conclusion After intervention, the clinical use of antibiotics in type I incision in Wuhan Xinzhou District People's Hospital is more reasonable and standardized, and the intervention effect is obvious.