目的 探讨小牛血清去蛋白注射液联合甘露醇治疗颅脑损伤的临床疗效。方法 选取2015年2月-2016年2月汉中市中心医院神经内科收治的颅脑损伤患者150例，按照治疗措施的差别分为对照组和治疗组，每组各75例。对照组静脉滴注20%甘露醇注射液125 mL，2次/d。治疗组在对照组的基础上静脉滴注小牛血清去蛋白注射液，30 mL溶于5%葡萄糖注射液250 mL，1次/d。两组患者均连续治疗4周。观察两组的临床疗效，同时比较两组简易智力状态检查量表（MMSE）评分、格拉斯哥昏迷（GCS）评分及血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）和S100B变化情况。结果 治疗后，对照组和治疗组总有效率分别为82.67%、92.00%，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组MMSE和GCS评分显著升高，同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；治疗后治疗组MMSE和GCS评分的升高程度优于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组血清NSE和S100B较同组治疗前均明显降低，同组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；且治疗后治疗组患者血清NSE和S100B的降低程度更明显，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 小牛血清去蛋白注射液联合甘露醇治疗颅脑损伤效果确切，可明显改善患者神经功能，并降低血清NSE和S100B的水平，具有一定的临床推广应用价值。

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Deproteinised Calf Blood Serum Injection combined with mannitol in treatment of craniocerebral injury. Methods Patients (150 cases) with craniocerebral injury in Department of Neurology of Hanzhong Central Hospital from February 2015 to February 2016 were divided into control and treatment groups based on different treatments, and each group had 75 cases. The patients in the control group were iv administered with 20% Mannitol Injection 125 mL, twice daily. The patients in the treatment group were iv administered with Deproteinised Calf Blood Serum Injection on the basis of the control group, 30 mL added into 5% glucose injection 250 mL, once daily. The patients in two groups were treated for 4 weeks. After treatment, the efficacy was evaluated, and the changes of MMSE scores, GCS scores, NSE, and S100B in two groups before and after treatment were compared. Results After treatment, the efficacies in the control and treatment groups were 82.67% and 92.00%, respectively, and there were differences between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, MMSE and GCS scores in two groups were significantly increased, and the difference was statistically significant in the same group (P<0.05). And the MMSE and GCS scores in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group, with significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, serum NSE and S100B in two groups were significantly decreased, and there were differences in the same groups (P<0.05). And the serum NSE and S100B in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Deproteinised Calf Blood Serum Injection combined with mannitol in has definite curative effects in treatment of craniocerebral injury, can significantly improve the neurological function and reduce the serum NSE and S100B levels, which has a certain clinical application value.