目的 了解新疆哈密吐哈石油医院呼吸内科病原菌的分布和耐药性情况，为临床合理用药提供依据。方法 对2014年1月—2015年12月新疆哈密吐哈石油医院呼吸内科病原菌的分布及药敏结果进行回顾性分析。结果 共分离出病原菌340株，其中革兰阴性菌172例，占50.60%；革兰阳性菌135例，占39.69%；真菌33例，占9.71%。革兰阴性菌中肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌均对阿米卡星和亚胺培南较敏感；阴沟肠杆菌对妥布霉素耐药率低；铜绿假单胞菌对左氧氟沙星较敏感。革兰阳性菌中金黄色葡萄球菌和A群链球菌对万古霉素敏感率最高，可达100.00%。结论 新疆哈密吐哈石油医院呼吸内科病原菌分布主要以革兰阴性菌为主，其中多数耐药严重，临床应结合药敏试验，合理选用抗菌药物；同时要重视加强细菌耐药性的检测。

Objective To understand the distribution and drug resistance analysis on pathogenic bacteria of Department of Respiratory Medicine in Xinjiang Hami Tuha Petroleum Hospital during 2014-2015, and to provide reference for clinical rational drug use. Methods The distribution and drug resistance analysis of pathogenic bacteria of Department of Respiratory Medicine in Xinjiang Hami Tuha Petroleum Hospital during 2014-2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Totally 340 strains of pathogens were isolated, in which Gram-negative bacteria were 172 strains (50.60%), Gram-positive bacteria (135 strains) accounted for 39.69%. While there were also 33 strains of fungus (9.71%) isolated. In Gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were sensitive to amikacin and imipenem. The resistance rate of Enterobacter cloacae against tobramycin was low. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sensitive to levofloxacin. In Gram-positive bacteria, the sensitive rates of Staphylococcus aureus and group A streptococcus were high to 100.00%. Conclusion The main pathogens in Department of Respiratory Medicine of Xinjiang Hami Tuha Petroleum Hospital is Gram-negative bacteria, and most of them were severely resistant to antibiotics. It is important to choose rational antibiotics according to the drug sensitive test and enhance the detection of drug resistance.