目的 探讨通窍鼻炎颗粒联合布地奈德和孟鲁司特钠治疗儿童上气道咳嗽综合征的临床疗效。方法 收集2015年3月—2016年1月在四川省人民医院接受治疗的上气道咳嗽综合征（UACS）患者86例，随机分为对照组和治疗组，每组各43例。对照组患者雾化吸入吸入用布地奈德混悬液，1 mg/次，2次/d；同时口服孟鲁司特钠片，1片/次，1次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服通窍鼻炎颗粒，2袋/次，3次/d。观察两组的临床疗效，同时比较两组患者治疗前后咳嗽评分和血清IL-4、TNF-α、IL-27、IFN-γ水平的变化。结果 治疗后，对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为81.40%、95.35%，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组患儿咳嗽评分显著降低，同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；且治疗组降低程度优于对照组，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组血清IL-27和IFN-γ水平显著升高，IL-4和TNF-α水平显著下降，同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；治疗组这些观察指标改善程度优于对照组，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 通窍鼻炎颗粒联合布地奈德和孟鲁司特钠治疗儿童UACS的临床效果显著，可明显改善患儿咳嗽症状，降低血清IL-4和TNF-α水平，升高血清IL-27和IFN-γ水平，具有一定的临床推广应用价值。

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacies of Tongqiao Biyan Granules combined with budesonide and montelukast in treatment of children with upper airway cough syndrome. Methods Children (86 cases) with UACS in Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from March 2015 to January 2016 were randomly divided into control and treatment groups, and each group had 43 cases. Patients in the control group were aerosol inhalation administered with Budesonide Suspension for inhalation, 1 mg/time, twice daily, and were po administered with Montelukast Sodium Tablets, 1 tablet/time, once daily. Patients in the treatment group were po administered with Tongqiao Biyan Granules on the basis of control group, 2 bags/time, three times daily. After treatment, the clinical efficacies were evaluated; The scores of cough symptoms, and serum IL-4, TNF-α, IL-27, and IFN-γ levels in two groups before and after treatment were compared. Results After treatment, the clinical efficacies in the control and treatment groups were 81.40% and 95.35%, respectively, and there was difference between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of cough symptoms in two groups were significantly decreased, and the differences were statistically significant in the same group (P<0.05). And the decrease degree of these scores in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group, with significant differences between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, serum IL-27 and IFN-γ levels were significantly increased, IL-4 and TNF-α levels were decreased, and the differences were statistically significant in the same group (P<0.05). The serological indexes in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group, with significant differences between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Tongqiao Biyan Granules Combined with budesonide in treatment of children with UACS has a significant clinical efficacy, can obviously improve children cough symptoms, reduce the serum IL-4 and TNF-α levels, and increace serum IL-27 and IFN-γ levels, which has a certain clinical application value.