目的 探究细菌溶解产物胶囊联合匹多莫德治疗儿童反复呼吸道感染的临床疗效。方法 选取2014年6月—2015年1月在鄂州市妇幼保健院儿科接受治疗的反复呼吸道感染患儿88例为研究对象，根据治疗方案的不同分为对照组和治疗组，每组各44例。对照组口服匹多莫德颗粒，400 mg/次，2次/d，治疗2周后调整为1次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服细菌溶解产物胶囊，1粒/d，连用10 d，停用20 d，循环3次。两组患者连续治疗3个月，并随访6个月。观察两组的临床疗效，比较两组患儿的血清细胞因子水平、体液免疫功能。结果 治疗后，对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为81.82%、95.45%，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组患儿白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）水平显著降低，而白细胞介素-12（IL-12）、γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）水平显著升高，同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；且治疗组这些观察指标的改善程度明显优于对照组，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组患儿免疫球蛋白A（IgA）和免疫球蛋白G（IgG）水平显著升高，而免疫球蛋白E（IgE）水平显著降低，同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；且治疗组这些观察指标的改善程度明显优于对照组，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，治疗组患儿反复呼吸道感染发作次数、退热时间、咳嗽消失时间及肺部啰音消失时间的改善程度明显优于对照组，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 细菌溶解产物胶囊联合匹多莫德治疗儿童反复呼吸道感染具有较好的临床疗效，可改善机体免疫功能，减少反复呼吸道感染发作次数，缩短退热时间、咳嗽时间及肺部啰音消失时间，具有一定的临床推广应用价值。

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of Bacterial Lysates Capsules combined with pidotimod in treatment of recurrent respiratory tract infections in children. Methods Children (88 cases) with recurrent respiratory tract infections in Department of Pediatrics of Ezhou Meternal and Child Health Hospital from June 2013 to January 2015 were enrolled in this study. According to the different treatment plans, children were divided into control and treatment groups, and each group had 44 cases. Children in the control group were po administered with Pidotimod Granules, 400 mg/time, twice daily, and the frequency of drug administration was adjusted to once daily after 2 weeks treatment. Children in the treatment group were po administered with Bacterial Lysates Capsules on the basis of the control group, 1 grain/time, and the medication was stopped for 20 d after 2 weeks treatment, cycled for 3 times. Children in two groups were treated for 3 months, and followed up for 6 months. After treatment, the clinical efficacies were evaluated, and the serum levels of cytokines and immune function in two groups were compared. Results After treatment, the clinical efficacies in the control and treatment groups were 81.82% and 95.45%, respectively, and there was difference between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, IL-6 and IL-10 in two groups were significantly decreased, but IL-12 and IFN-γ in two groups were significantly increased, and the difference was statistically significant in the same group (P<0.05). And the observational indexes in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group, with significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, IgA and IgG in two groups were significantly increased, but IgE in two groups were significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically significant in the same group (P<0.05). And the observational indexes in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group, with significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, attack frequency of recurrent respiratory tract infections, antifebrile time, cough disappeared time, and lung rale disappeared time in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group, and there was difference between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Bacterial Lysates Capsules combined with pidotimod has the clinical curative effect in treatment of recurrent respiratory tract infections in children, and can improve immune function, reduce the attack frequency of recurrent respiratory tract infections, shorten antifebrile time, cough disappeared time, and lung rale disappeared time, which has a certain clinical application value.