目的 了解南京市儿童医院病原菌的分布及耐药性, 为临床合理用药提供参考。方法 采用回顾性调查方法, 对2011年1月—2014年12月南京市儿童医院患儿分离的病原菌分布及耐药性进行统计分析。结果 该院共分离出病原菌49 909株, 主要来自痰标本(62.06%);病原菌分布以革兰阴性菌为主, 占59.45%, 革兰阳性菌和真菌分别占36.66%、3.89%;革兰阴性菌对阿米卡星、亚胺培南敏感性较高, 对其他抗菌药物耐药率较高;革兰阳性菌对抗菌药物有不同程度的耐药, 且发现5株耐万古霉素肠球菌。结论 南京市儿童医院病原菌耐药严重, 临床应考虑儿童的自身状况, 结合药敏结果, 合理用药;同时加强监管, 以降低细菌耐药性。

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in Nanjing Children's Hospital, and to provide reference for clinical reasonable use of antibiotics. Methods Retrospective investigation was used to analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in Nanjing Children's Hospital from January 2011 to December 2014. Results Totally 49 909 strains of pathogens were isolated, and the pathogenic bacteria (62.06%) was isolated mainly from sputum samples. Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogenic bacteria and accounted for 59.45%. Gram-positive bacteria and fungus accounted for 36.66% and 3.89%, respectively. Gram-negative bacteria were highly sensitive to amikacin and imipenem, but resistant to other antibiotics. Gram-positive bacteria were resistant to common antibiotics, and 5 strains of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus were detected out. Conclusion Drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria is serious in Nanjing Children's Hospital. It is necessary to reasonable use of antibiotics according to the specific situation of children and the results of susceptibility tests. At the same time, it is important to take effective control measures to reduce the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria.