目的 调查2011—2014年冀中能源峰峰集团有限公司总医院儿科住院抗菌药物处方不合理用药的情况，为促进临床合理应用抗菌药物提供依据。方法 抽取2011年—2014年冀中能源峰峰集团有限公司总医院儿科住院抗菌药物处方10 000张，对不合理用药情况进行回顾性分析。结果 不合理抗菌用药处方1 037张，占抗菌药物处方总数的10.37%；儿科住院抗菌药物处方不合理用药情况主要体现在疗程不当、给药频次不合理以及溶媒选择不当，分别占不合理用药处方的23.82%、21.31%、17.74%；头孢类和青霉素类应用较多，而不合理用药处方率仅为7.20%、6.04%；应用较少的大环内酯类、碳青霉烯类等不合理用药处方率较高，分别为21.65%、18.97%；并且联合用药品种数越多，不合理用药的发生率就越高。结论 冀中能源峰峰集团有限公司总医院儿科住院患者抗菌药物应用基本合理，但仍存在诸多不合理用药现象，需进一步加强管理和处方点评力度。

Objective To investigate the conditions of unreasonable medicine used for antibiotics in Pediatric Inpatient Department of General Hospital of Jizhong Energy Fengfeng Group Co., Ltd. from 2011 to 2014, in order to provide a basis for promoting the clinical rational use of antibiotics. Methods By extracting 10 000 pediatric inpatient antibiotic prescriptions in Pediatric Inpatient Department of General Hospital of Jizhong Energy Fengfeng Group Co., Ltd. from 2011 to 2014, the conditions of unreasonable use of antibiotics were recorded and investigated. Results There were 1 037 unreasonable antibiotic prescriptions which accounted for 10.37% of the samples. The main types of unreasonable medicine were improper period of treatment, unreasonable frequency of drug administration, and improper choice of solvent, which respectively accounted for 23.82%, 21.31%, and 17.74%. Cephalosporins and penicillins were used more often, but unreasonable prescription rates were 7.20% and 6.04%; while the unreasonable prescription rates of using macrolides and carbapenems antibiotics were relatively higher, which were 21.65% and 18.97%. And the more the number of combined drugs, the higher the rate of unreasonable antibiotic prescriptions is. Conclusion Although the application of antibiotics is basically reasonable in Pediatric Inpatient Department of General Hospital of Jizhong Energy Fengfeng Group Co., Ltd., there is also some phenomenon of many unreasonable medicines, which needed further efforts to strengthen the management and prescription review.