目的 分析包头医学院第三附属医院木糖氧化产碱杆菌的分布与耐药性。方法 对2011—2013年包头医学院第三附属医院木糖氧化产碱杆菌的分布及其耐药情况进行回顾性统计分析。结果 木糖氧化产碱杆菌主要来自痰液标本，占90.0%，其余来自于伤口分泌物和腹腔脓液，占10.0%。感染区分布主要以重症监护病房和呼吸科为主，分别占47.5%、25.0%，脑外科及其他科室分别占17.5%、10.0%。菌株耐药率3年呈现逐年增高趋势，菌株中对阿莫西林/克拉维酸及氨曲南耐药率最高，分别为100%、90.0%；对氨基糖苷类抗菌药耐药率为77.5%～80.0%；对头孢曲松、头孢噻肟及头孢吡肟耐药率分别为57.5%、82.5%、75.0%。菌株对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢他啶、头孢哌酮和亚胺培南耐药率较低，分别为2.5%、12.5%、12.5%、5.0%、30.0%。结论 木糖氧化产碱杆菌感染以呼吸系统为主，其耐药性已经日益严重，临床上应根据其药敏结果选择抗菌药物，从而减少院内感染和耐药菌株的产生。

Objective To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of Alcaligenes xylosoxidans in Third Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College. Methods The distribution and drug resistance of A. xylosoxidans in Third Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College from 2011 to 2013 were reviewed, retrospectively.Results The specimens were mainly obtained from the sputum, accounting for 90.0%. The minority were from wounds secretions and enterocoelia fester, accounting for 10.0%. The infections distributed widely in ICU and respiratory department, accounting for 47.5% and 25.0%, followed by cerebral surgery department (17.5%) and other departments (10.0%). The drug resistance rates of Alcaligenes xylosoxidans had increased in three years. The drug resistance rates of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (100.0%) and aztreonam (90.0%) were higher than others. The drug resistance rates of aminoglycosides varied from 77.5% to 80.0%. Those of ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and cefepime were 57.5%, 82.5%, and 75.0%, respectively. The drug resistance rates of cefoperazone/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefoperazone and imipenem were 2.5%, 12.5%, 12.5%, 5.0%, and 30%, respectively. Conclusion Alcaligenes xylosoxidans infection mainly occurs in respiratory system and its drug resistance is more and more serious. According to the results of drug resistance, the antibiotics are selected to reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infection and drug resistance strains.