目的 探讨胸腺肽α₁对乙型肝炎肝硬化并发自发性细菌性腹膜炎（SBP）的临床疗效。方法 选取2011年2月-2013年10月在西安市唐都医院治疗的乙型肝炎肝硬化并发SBP患者96例，随机分为治疗组（48例）和对照组（48例）。对照组给予抗感染治疗，口服头孢曲松钠片，0.25 g/次，4次/d；另给予清蛋白、血浆等对症支持治疗，除此之外不使用其他免疫调解药物和抗病毒药物。治疗组在对照组基础上sc注射用胸腺肽α₁ 1.6 mg/次，隔天1次。两组均连续治疗3周。结果 治疗后，两组血白细胞、血中性粒细胞比例、腹水白细胞均较治疗前明显下降，同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；治疗后，治疗组这3项观察指标均明显低于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、总胆红素（TBIL）、总蛋白（TP）均较治疗前明显下降，治疗前后差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；治疗后，治疗组这些观察指标均明显低于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗组治疗后体温恢复时间、腹水消失时间、腹水常规正常时间、腹水培养阴性时间、腹部压痛消失时间均低于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，治疗组和对照组的总有效率分别为87.5%、66.7%，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，治疗组CD³⁺、CD⁴⁺、CD⁴⁺/CD⁸⁺和NK细胞比例均较治疗前明显升高，治疗前后差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；治疗后，治疗组这些观察指标均明显高于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 胸腺肽α₁对乙型肝炎肝硬化并发SBP有较好的临床疗效，可以调节患者的机体免疫功能，促进肝功能恢复，具有良好的临床推广价值。

Objective To explore the curative effect of thymosin α₁ in treatment of hepatitis B cirrhosis complicated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Methods Patients (96 cases) with hepatitis B cirrhosis complicated with SBP for the treatment in Xi'an Tangdu Hospital from February 2011 to October 2013 were randomly divided into treatment (48 cases) and control (48 cases) groups. The patients in the control group were given anti-infection treatment, and po administered with Ceftriaxone Sodium Tablets, 0.25 g/time, four times one day. They were given other support treatment such as plasma and albumin, and other immune mediation and antiviral drugs were not used. The patients in the treatment group weresc administered with thymosin α₁ for injection on the basis of the control group, 1.6 mg/time, once every other day. The patients in two groups were treated for three weeks. Results After treatment, blood leukocytes, proportion of neutrophils, and ascites cells in two groups were significantly decreased, with statistically significant difference before and after treatment in the same group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the three indexes in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). After treatment, ALT, AST, TBIL, and TP in two groups significantly decreased, with statistically significant difference before and after treatment (P < 0.05). After treatment, those indexes in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). After treatment, time of body temperature recovery, ascites disappearing time, ascites conventional normal time, ascites culture negative time, and abdominal tenderness disappearing time were significantly lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant difference before and after treatment (P < 0.05). The efficacies on the patients in the treatment and control groups were 87.5% and 66.7%, with significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). After treatment, the proportion of CD³⁺, CD⁴⁺, CD⁴⁺/CD⁸⁺, and NK cells in the treatment group significantly decreased, with statistically significant difference before and after treatment in the same group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the indexes in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion Thymosin α₁ has a good clinical efficacy in the treatment of hepatitis B cirrhosis complicated with SBP, and can adjust the immune function and promote liver function recovery, which is worthy of clinical application.