目的 分析抗感染类药物的不良反应与药物种类和给药途径的关系，为临床抗感染类药物的安全使用提供参考。方法 回顾性分析2011—2013年右江民族医学院附属医院发生抗感染类药物不良反应患者312例，统计药物不良反应的主要类型，并分析患者发生不良反应与药物的种类和给药途径的关系。结果 临床患者抗感染药物不良反应的类型主要为皮肤损害症状、消化系统症状以及神经系统症状，发生率分别为50.96%、20.83%、9.94%；发生不良反应的抗感染类药物前3位为头孢菌素类、喹诺酮类和复方类，发生率分别为32.37%、18.27%、14.42%；发生不良反应前3种途径分别为静滴、口服、肌注，其发生率分别为86.22%、10.90%、2.24%。结论 在临床进行抗感染治疗时，应充分了解药物的不良反应，选择恰当用药方式，医护工作者应密切关注患者情况，防止不良反应的发生。

Objective To analyze the relationship between adverse reactions of anti-infective drugs and drug type and route of administration for providing the reliable evidence for the safe use of anti-infective drugs. Methods Drugs adverse reactions (312 cases) from 2011 to 2013 in Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between adverse reactions and drug type and routine of administration for patients were analyzed. Results The clinical manifestations in patients with adverse reaction induced by anti-infective drugs were as follows: damage of the skin, digestive symptoms, and cardiovascular symptoms, and the incidence rates were 50.96%, 20.83%, and 9.94%. The top three drugs which induced adverse reactions were cephalosporins, quinolones, and compound recipes, accounting for 32.37%, 18.27%, and 14.42%. The top three routines of administration were infusion, ig, and im, and the incidence was 86.22%, 10.90%, and 2.24%. Conclusion Adverse reactions should be fully understood during the clinical anti-infective therapy, and routines of administration should be selected appropriately. At the same time, health care workers should pay close attention to the clinical situation of patients to prevent the occurrence of adverse reactions.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81000787）