目的 了解医院脑外重症监护室（ICU）特殊使用级抗菌药物的应用情况。方法 采用医院信息管理系统（HIS）汇集2012—2013年钦州市第一人民医院脑外ICU使用的所有特殊使用级抗菌药物的数据进行统计分析。结果 2012—2013年脑外ICU特殊使用级抗菌药物中，送检率均在85%以上，达到卫生部的要求。其中，亚胺培南/西司他丁的使用金额、使用量、用药频度（DDDs）和药物利用指数（DUI）均排在首位，DUI值大于1，日剂量偏大。同步性比值为1.0，同步性良好。大多数药物DUI合理，用药特点以治疗肺部感染为主而非神经系统，其中特殊级抗真菌药的使用在患者营养状况实验室指标上有相当体现，特别是与血清白蛋白相关性较明显。结论 脑外ICU特殊使用级抗菌药物主要用于肺部感染，且用于院外带进的感染居多，防治真菌感染应及时纠正患者的基础营养。

Objective To investigate the application of special usability level in neurosurgery intensive care unit (ICU) in hospital. Methods The data of all antibacterial drugs of special usability level applied in neurosurgery ICU in the First People’s Hospital of Qinzhou from 2012 to 2013 were statistically analyzed by hospital information system (HIS). Results The inspection rates of antimicrobial agents at special usability level in neurosurgery ICU before application reached more than 85% from 2012 to 2013, which was to suit the requirements of Ministry of Health. The amount, usage, DDDs, and DUI of imipenem/cilastatin were all ranked in the first place. The DUI value was larger than 1. The daily dosage was relatively large. The synchronism ratio was 1.0, and the synchronism was good. The utilization indexes of most drugs were reasonable. The administration of drugs was used to treat lung infection primarily instead of nervous system, in which the application of antifungal drugs at special usability level was much related to laboratory nutrition status indexes, especially the related relationship of serum albumin. Conclusion Antifungal drugs of special usability level in neurosurgery ICU are mainly applied to treatment of lung infection, and the infection brought out of hospital is in the majority. The basic nutrition of patients should be corrected timely to prevent and treat the fungal infection.