目的 调查分析天津市第一中心医院抗菌药物应用情况。方法 采用横断面调查方法，对天津市第一中心医院2012年8月1日0:00～24:00时所有住院患者进行抗菌药物使用调查，包括抗菌药物种类、使用频率、科室等。结果 1 161例住院患者中，抗菌药物使用率为26.10%，其中单用率为79.54%，二联使用率为16.50%，三联及以上使用率为3.96%；在全院各科室中，使用率最高的是呼吸科，为75.61%，其次为感染科和中西医结合科，分别为67.74%、64.71%。全院治疗性用药病原学送检率为53.31%；预防用药率为18.15%；用药频率（DDDs）居前三位的依次为头孢菌素类、β-内酰胺类/β-内酰胺酶抑剂复合制剂和喹诺酮类。结论 天津市第一中心医院住院患者抗菌药物应用基本合理，但个别科室使用率偏高，需要进一步加强抗菌药物合理应用的管理。

Objective To carry out the cross-sectional survey on the utilization of antibiotics in Tianjin First Center Hospital. Methods In cross-sectional study, the clinical utilization of antibiotics for all inpatients from 0 to 24 h in Aug. 1st, 2012 was surveyed, including the kinds of antibiotics, utilization rate, and departments. Results Among 1 161 inpatients, the cross-sectional utilization rate of antibiotics was 26.10%, of which single-drug was 79.54%, two-drug 16.50%, and three-drug and above 3.96%. Among all departments in the hospital, the Department of Respiratory Medicine had the highest utilization rate, accounting for 75.61%, followed by Departments of the Communicable Disease and Combination of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, being 67.74% and 64.71%, respectively. Delivery rate of etiological specimens for therapeutic medication in the whole hospital was 53.31%. The prophylactic application rate was 18.15%. The top three antibiotics in the list of defined daily dose (DDD) were Cephalosporins, β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors, and quinolones. Conclusion In Tianjin First Central Hospital, the cross-sectional utilization rate of antibiotics is basically reasonable, but there is higher DDD in some departments. Monitoring system and methods should be further improved.