在恶性肿瘤、脓毒血症、糖尿病甚至长期太空飞行等状态下常伴随着骨骼肌萎缩的现象。骨骼肌萎缩是肌蛋白合成下降和（或）分解代谢加速的结果。骨骼肌萎缩的程度与患者的康复、生活能力和生活质量息息相关，防治并逆转骨骼肌的萎缩对上述疾病的治疗具有重要意义。现代医学对骨骼肌萎缩的分子生物学机制进行了大量研究，对近年骨骼肌萎缩相关信号通路及药物对其防治作用做一简要综述，以期对骨骼肌萎缩相关疾病的研究与治疗提供参考。

Skeletal muscle atrophy often accompanies with tumors, sepsis, diabetes, and even long-term space flight. Skeletal muscle atrophy lies in the decrease of muscle protein synthesis and/or catabolism acceleration. Since the degree of skeletal muscle atrophy is closely related with the rehabilitation, live abilities, and living quality of patients, the prevention and reversal of skeletal muscle atrophy are of great significance. Modern researchers have undertaken the abundant researches on the molecular biology mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy. Recent investigations on the preventive effect of the medicine on the signaling pathway of skeletal muscle atrophy are briefly summarized, in order to offer the guidance for the research and treatment of the skeletal muscle atrophy related disease.