目的 探讨北京市隆福医院2010年5月—2012年5月抗生素的使用及不良反应发生情况，为临床合理使用抗生素提供理论依据。方法 调查分析北京市隆福医院2010年5月—2012年5月病历635份，分析抗生素使用情况，总结抗生素使用过程中的不良反应及其临床危害。结果 抗生素使用率为46.61%（296/635）；预防性抗生素使用率为22.99%（146/635）；联用抗生素病历89份，抗生素联用率为30.07%（89/296）。抗生素不良反应发生率为9.46%（28/296），包括过敏反应、毒性反应、特异质反应和二重感染等。结论 熟练掌握抗生素的作用途径和可引起的不良反应，积极应对不良反应，有利于提高抗生素的合理使用水平，提高临床疗效，做到安全、合理用药。

Objective To explore the usage and adverse reaction of antibiotics by clinical application in Beijing Longfu Hospital from May, 2010 to May, 2012, and to provide the theory basis for the clinical usage of antibiotics. Methods The 635 copies of medical records in Beijing Longfu Hospital from May, 2010 to May, 2012 were investigated to analyze the usage of antibiotics, and to summarize the adverse reactions and clinical harm. Results The application rate of antibiotics was 46.61% (296/635), and the preventing application rate of antibiotics was 22.99% (146/635), at the same time, the combining application rate of antibiotics was 30.07% (89/296). The adverse reaction rate of antibiotics was 9.46% (28/296), which was contained anaphylactic reaction, toxic reaction, idiosyncratic reaction, and superinfection. Conclusion It is useful to improve the level of rational usage of antibiotics by mastering the pathways and adverse reactions of antibiotics, so as to improve the clinical efficacy and safety, and use the drugs rationally.