类风湿关节炎（rheumatoid arthritis，RA）是一种自身免疫性疾病，其主要病症为小关节慢性滑膜炎症的持续反复发作，致残率较高。RA的治疗一直是个难点，RA动物模型的研究也是关注的重点，有效的动物模型为RA发病机制研究和药物筛选做出了不可替代的贡献。然而由于物种的差异性，尚没有一种模型可以完全模拟人类RA的发病过程和特点。为此对近年来RA啮齿类实验动物模型的研究近况进行了综述。根据造模方式的不同分为诱导型、转基因型和自发型，并进一步对模型获得、病理生理过程特点、发病机制这几个方面进行阐述，为RA研究中合理选择实验模型提供参考。

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a devastating chronic inflammatory disorder which is characterized by autoimmune reactivity and persistent active inflammation with concurrent tissue destruction, and its rate of disability is high. Effective models serve as a valuable tool to investigate the pathogenesis and therapy of RA. There is no model to perfectly duplicate the condition of human RA for the genetic gap between human and rodent. This review gives a broad introduction of the current stage of RA rodent animal models which could be classified into three categories: induced, transgenic, and spontaneous models. The characterization of each model focuses on induction ways, features, and pathogenesis, which is useful for the selection of appropriate model for RA research.