血栓栓塞性疾病严重威胁人类健康，研究具有优势的抗栓药物是当代医学的重点和热点之一。蛇毒中存在3类具有抗栓作用的蛋白酶，分别为蛇毒类凝血酶、纤维蛋白（原）溶解酶、纤溶酶原激活剂。对这3类抗血栓蛋白酶进行了综述，分别介绍了各类酶的分布、结构、生化性质以及作用机制，并结合其性质及机制分析在抗栓方面存在的优点和不足。另外，还介绍了蛇毒类抗血栓蛋白酶的研究现状，临床应用情况，以及临床常用的一些成熟药物。

Thromboembolic disease seriously threats human health, so the study on antithrombotic drugs with great advantages is one of the critical and hot spots of contemporary medicine. There are three types of proteases in snake venom, snake venom thrombin-like enzymes (SVTLEs), snake venom fibrin(ogen)olytic enzyme (FLE), and plasminogen activator (PA). This review summarizes the distribution, structure, biochemical properties, and mechanism of each protease, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of their antithrombosis. This review also introduces the research status, clinical application, and some commonly used drugs of snake venom in clinic.

“十一五”重大新药创制科技重大专项（2010ZX09401-307）