摘 要：黑果越桔 Vaccinium myrtillus 系杜鹃花科植物，欧洲称 bilberry，北美称 wild blueberry，是很多国家应用广泛的植物药。因其具有很高的营养价值，自古以来就食用，约16世纪开始药用。从黑果越桔的果实和叶中提取很多活性成分，主要为花青苷及其苷元花青素，苷元包括飞燕草素、矢车菊素、矮牵牛素、芍药素、锦葵素等。黑果越桔及其提取物具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、细胞保护、抗菌、抗糖尿病、防治心血管疾病等生物活性与药理作用。概述了2000年以来国外对黑果越桔化学成分、生物活性和药理作用的最新研究进展。

Abstract: Vaccinium myrtillus berry is a member of plants in Ericaceae family，and a widely used herb in many countries．It is also known as bilberry in European and wild blueberry in northern America．It has been used as food for centuries with its high nutritive value．Since the 16th century，it has been used as medicine for treating bladder stones，biliary disorders，scurvy，coughs，lung tuberculosis，and others．Several active constituents have been isolated from the berries and leaves，including anthocyanins（anthocyanoside flavonids）and anthocyanidin．The major anthocyanidin aglycones are delphinidin，cyanidin，petunidin，peonidin，and malvidin．V.myrtillus berry and its extracts have multiple pharmacological actions．The extracts containing anthocyanosides have been shown to possess strong antioxidant，antitumor，cyto-protective，antimicrobial，antidiabetic properties as well as cardiovascular disease prevention．This article reviews the chemical constituents，bioactivity，and pharmacology of V.myrtillus berry since 2000．