目的 研究鲜天麻对睡眠干扰（sleep interruption，SI）诱导的小鼠学习记忆障碍的改善作用。方法 HPLC法测定鲜天麻中天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇的含量，苯酚硫酸法测定多糖的含量。60只ICR雄鼠随机分为对照组、睡眠干扰模型组、阳性药（莫达非尼）组和鲜天麻低（3 g/kg）、高（9 g/kg）剂量组。睡眠干扰造模14 d后，依次进行自主活动、新物体识别、水迷宫和避暗等动物行为学检测实验，并测定小鼠血清和海马组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）水平及海马组织乙酰胆碱（Ach）、谷氨酸（Glu）和去甲肾上腺素（NE）水平。结果 自主活动实验中，各组小鼠运动功能无显著性差异。与对照组比较，模型组小鼠在新物体识别实验中的相对辨别指数（DI）显著性下降，水迷宫寻台潜伏期明显延长，避暗实验错误次数增加、入暗潜伏期缩短；血清和海马组织MDA水平升高，海马组织的SOD水平降低；海马组织Ach、Glu和NE水平均显著降低。与模型组比较，莫达非尼和鲜天麻各剂量能不同程度增加小鼠新物体识别DI，提高新物体辨别能力；增强空间学习获得和保持能力，缩短水迷宫潜伏期；减少避暗错误次数、延长避暗潜伏期；提高血清和海马组织中SOD、Ach、Glu和NE水平，降低MDA水平。结论 鲜天麻能改善睡眠干扰引起的学习记忆障碍，改善氧化应激和神经递质水平，是一种有潜力的改善学习记忆中药。

Objective To study the learning and memory enhancement effect of fresh Gastrodia elata (FG) on deficits induced by sleep interruption (SI) in mice. Methods The contents of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in FG were determined by HPLC, and the content of polysaccharide were determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method. Then the learning and memory enhancement effects of FG on sleep deficits induced mice were studied. A total of 60 ICR male mice were randomly divided into the control group, the SI model group, the modafinil group, and the FG groups (3 and 9 g/kg). The mice were sleep interrupted continuously for 14 d, behavioral tests were performed by using open field test, novel object recognition (NOR) experiment, Morris water maze (MWM) task, and passive avoidance method. The levels of SOD and MDA in the serum and the hippocampus, Ach, Glu and NE in the hippocampus were measured. Results There were no significant changes in locomotor activities among all groups. Compared with the control group, the discrimination index (DI) of SI model group in NOR was decreased significantly, the longer escape latency in MWM was observed in SI mice group, in passive avoidance test the errors times increased and the latent period decreased. In addition, the levels of MDA in the serum and the hippocampus were increased, while the contents of SOD, Ach, Glu and NE in the serum and the hippocampus were decreased significantly. In comparison with the SI group, FG (3 and 9 g/kg) treatment markedly enhanced the discriminative ability by elevating DI in NOR, improved the acquisition and retention of spatial memory by decreasing escape latency, decreased the errors times, and prolonged the latency time in passive avoidance test. Administration of FG significantly reduced the elevated MDA level in the serum and the hippocampus and raised the reduced SOD, Ach, Glu and NE levels in the hippocampus. Conclusion The results reveal that FG treatment can improve SI-induced learning and memory impairments, and ameliorate oxidative stress damage and raise neurotransmitter content. FG is a potential traditional Chinese medicine for improving learning and memory impairments.

R285.5

建生鲜药创研基金资助项目（JSYY-20190106-048）；四川省科技计划项目：天麻及其产品改善记忆的药效学评价的关键技术研究（19ZDYF0603）；国家重点研发计划项目：保健食品风险评估及功能评价基础研究（2018YFC1602100）