我国龙胆科植物大多分布于青藏高原，具有重要的药用价值。龙胆科植物基因组长度137~154 kb；常具有蛋白质编码基因67~80个、tRNA基因30个、rRNA基因4个；系统发育树的拓扑结构与传统分类学观点基本一致；叶绿体基因组序列具有属、组间的分辨率。基于目前文献报道的龙胆科5属（龙胆属Gentiana、獐牙菜属Swertia、花锚属Halenia、睡菜属Menyanthes及莕菜属Nymphoides）27个分类群的叶绿体全基因组序列，应用相关软件比较分析其结构特征，以夹竹桃科（Apocynaceae）植物Pentalinon luteum叶绿体全基因组序列为外类群，以贝叶斯法构建系统发育树，深入分析系统发育关系，评价其物种鉴定意义，可为该科物种资源保护、遗传背景分析及中藏药生药学研究等提供参考资料。

The family Gentianaceae are found mostly on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, which have important medicinal properties. Based on 27 published complete chloroplast genome sequences from Gentiana, Swertia, Halenia, Menyanthes, and Nymphoides of Gentianaceae, the chloroplast genome structure was analyzed. The cp genome sizes of 27 taxa range from 137 to 154 kb, and they contain 101-114 unique genes, including 67-80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes and four rRNA genes. Also, a Bayesian phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the 27 cp genome sequences with Pentalinon luteum (Apocynaceae) as the outgroup. The tree was topologically consistent with the treatments of traditional taxonomy, and the cp genome sequences have genus-or section-level resolution. In addition, we reviewed the significance of species identification within the family. These cp genome sequences could provide basic data for the endangered species conservation, the genetic analysis and pharmacognostic researches of herbs from Gentianaceae.

R282.1

藏医药区域协同创新中心科研项目（2018XTCX005）；上海市卫生健康委员会中医药传承和科技创新项目（ZYCC2019012）；上海中医药大学预算内项目（A1-GY01020902）