目的 研究裸花紫珠不同采收部位、不同生育期的化学成分含量变化规律，为确定裸花紫珠最佳采收部位和采收期提供理论依据。方法 采用UV法测定总黄酮、总酚酸、总皂苷含量，HPLC法测定7种单体成分含量，并运用方差分析及主成分分析法对各成分含量进行统计分析。结果 浸膏得率、总黄酮、总酚酸、总皂苷、连翘酯苷B、毛蕊花糖苷、异毛蕊花糖苷、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷以功能叶含量最高，咖啡酸、木犀草苷和木犀草素则在嫩叶中含量最高，且均与嫩枝呈显著性差异（P<0.05）。在10个不同生育期内，除木犀草素含量呈下降趋势外，其余成分大体呈先升高后降低的趋势。浸膏得率、总黄酮、咖啡酸与异毛蕊花糖苷在坐果前期含量最高，但与盛花期含量无显著性差异（P>0.05）。总酚酸、总皂苷、连翘酯苷B和毛蕊花糖苷在盛花期含量最高，但与坐果前期无显著性差异（P>0.05）。木犀草苷与芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷则分别在熟果前期和熟果后期含量最高，且与坐果前期均无显著性差异（P>0.05）。各化学成分在落果期含量降到最低，且均与坐果前期及盛花期呈显著性差异（P<0.05）。通过主成分分析构建的综合评价模型可知，坐果前期综合评分最高（F=3.252），其次为盛花期（F=3.011）。结论 不同采收部位、生育期的裸花紫珠主要化学成分含量差异显著，裸花紫珠主要化学成分在功能叶及嫩叶中分布较多，且在盛花期到坐果前期化学成分积累较多。

Objective To provide the theoretical basis for determining the best harvesting plant organ and harvesting period, and investigate the content of chemical constituents of Callicarpa nudiflora in different plant organs and different growth periods. Methods The contents of total flavonoids, total phenolic acid and total saponins were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and the seven components were determined by HPLC. The ANOVA and PCA methods were used to analyze the content of each constituent. Results The dry extract rate, the contents of total flavonoids, total phenolic acid, total saponins, forsythiaside B, acteoside, isoacteoside, and apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside in functional leaves were the highest, while the contents of caffeic acid, galuteolin and luteolin in tender leaves were the highest, and all of them were significantly different from the young shoots (P<0.05). In ten different growth periods, except for the content of luteolin which showed a decreasing trend, the content of other components showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing. The dry extract rate, the content of total flavonoids, caffeic acid and isoacteoside were the highest in the earlier fruit-setting (EFS) period, and there was no significant difference with the full-bloom (FB) period (P>0.05). The contents of total phenolic acid, total saponins, forsythiaside B, and acteoside were the highest in the FB period, and there was no significant difference with the EFS period (P>0.05). The contents of galuteolin and apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were the highest in the earlier fruit maturation (EFM) period and the later fruit maturation (LFM) period, respectively, and there was no significant difference with the EFS period (P>0.05). The contents of each chemical component were reduced to the minimum at the fruit-drop (FD) period, and it was significantly different from that at the EFS period and the FB period (P<0.05). According to the comprehensive evaluation model constructed by PCA, the comprehensive score of the EFS period was the highest (F=3.252), followed by the FB period (F=3.011). Conclusion Main chemical constituents of C. nudiflora were significantly different in harvesting parts and growth periods. The contents of main chemical constituents were higher in functional leaves and tender leaves, and the contents of main chemical constituents were higher from FB period to EFS period.

R286.2

海南省重大科技计划子课题（ZDKJ2016005-03）；科技部科技基础性工作专项子课题（2015FY111500-060）