[关键词]
[摘要]
目的 比较不同干燥方式对瓜蒌皮药材品质的影响,优选出适宜的瓜蒌皮药材产地现代干燥加工方法。方法 收集安徽产新鲜瓜蒌皮,分别采用传统与现代产地加工干燥方法[40、50、60、70℃控温热风干燥,40、50、60、70℃微波真空干燥(真空度-0.08 MPa),50、60、70℃中短波红外干燥,-80℃真空冻干干燥,晒干,阴干]加工处理,结合干燥样品外观性状,以药效成分(5种黄酮类芦丁、木犀草苷、芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、芹菜素、橘红素,3种三萜类葫芦素D、葫芦素B、葫芦素E)、营养滋补类成分(2种糖类葡萄糖、果糖,18种氨基酸类苯丙氨酸、L-亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、L-色氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、L-蛋氨酸、L-缬氨酸、脯氨酸、L-酪氨酸、反式-4-羟基-L-脯氨酸、L-苏氨酸、L-谷氨酸、L-谷氨酰胺、L-丝氨酸、L-天门冬酰胺、L-瓜氨酸、L-精氨酸、L-赖氨酸,12种核苷类胸腺嘧啶核苷、2'-脱氧尿苷、腺嘌呤、尿苷、腺苷、2'-脱氧肌苷、肌苷、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、2'-脱氧鸟苷、胞苷、鸟苷)共40种资源性化学成分的组成及含量为评价指标,对不同干燥加工方法所得瓜蒌皮药材样品的品质进行综合评价。利用主成分分析(PCA)法,优选瓜蒌皮最佳现代干燥加工方法。结果 不同干燥品中,药效成分及营养滋补类成分含量差异较大,其中果糖及葡萄糖质量分数分别为9.78%~21.32%、4.46%~15.63%;70℃微波真空干燥处理获得的瓜蒌皮所含黄酮类和四环三萜类成分总量最高,40℃控温热风干燥处理的总量最低。通过对14种不同干燥方式获得的瓜蒌皮样品进行综合评价分析,发现70℃控温热风干燥、70℃中短波红外干燥、-80℃真空冻干干燥、50℃微波真空干燥和60℃控温热风干燥方式获得的样品有效成分含量均优于传统晒干。结论 结合药材的外观性状、色泽、质地、干燥时间及功效成分含量等因素,基于目前企业设备现状,建议70℃控温热风干燥为瓜蒌皮产地加工条件;基于未来新型设备的发展,70℃中短波红外干燥可作为瓜蒌皮产地加工的发展方向。研究结果将为瓜蒌皮药材产地加工的规范化和品质特征的形成提供借鉴。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Objective To compare the effects of different drying methods on the quality of Trichosanthis Pericarpium, and screen the suitable drying methods for its modern drying processing. Methods The fresh Trichosanthis Pericarpium collected from Anhui were processed by traditional and modern drying processing methods[hot air drying (40, 50, 60, 70℃), microwave vacuum drying (40, 50, 60, 70℃; vacuum -0.08 MPa), short-wave infrared drying (50, 60, 70℃), vacuum -80℃ lyophilization, traditional solar drying, shadow drying]. Combined with the appearance of the samples after drying, the composition and content of the 40 resource chemical compositions[five kinds of flavonoids (rutin, luteoloside, apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, apigenin, tangeretin), three kinds of triterpenoids (cucurbitacin D, cucurbitacin B, cucurbitacin E)] and nutritional nourishing ingredients[two kinds of saccharides (glucose, fructose), eighteen kinds of amino acids (phenylalanine, L-leucine, iso-leucine, L-tryptophan, γ-aminobutyric acid, L-methionine, L-valine, L-proline, L-tyrosine, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, L-threonine, L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-serine, L-asparagine, L-citrulline, L-arginine, L-lysine), and twelve kinds of nucleosides (thymidine, 2'-deoxyuridine, adenine, uridine, adenosine, 2'-deoxyinosine, inosine, cytosine, guanine, 2'-deoxyguanosine, cytidine, guanosine)] were evaluated for comprehensively evaluating the quality of the different samples. The best modern drying method for Trichosanthis Pericarpium was preferred by principal component analysis. Results Among different dry samples, the content of medicinal ingredients and nutrient nourishing ingredients varied greatly, among which fructose and glucose content ranged from 9.78% to 21.32% and 4.46% to 15.63%, respectively. Samples of 70℃ microwave vacuum drying had the highest total amount of flavonoids and tetracyclic triterpenoids, while those of 40℃ hot air drying treatment were the lowest. Through comprehensive evaluation of 14 kinds of Trichosanthis Pericarpium samples obtained by different drying methods, it was found that samples of 70℃ hot air drying, 70℃ short-wave infrared drying, vacuum -80℃ lyophilization, 50℃ microwave vacuum drying and 60℃ hot air drying were better than the traditional solar drying. Conclusion Combined with the appearance of the medicinal properties, color, texture, drying time and functional ingredients, it was recommended that 70℃ hot air drying method was the preferred conditions for production based on the current state of the equipment of company. Based on the development of new equipment in the future, short-wave infrared 70℃ drying can be used as the development direction of Trichosanthis Pericarpium. The study provided reference for the standardization and quality characteristics of production of Trichosanthis Pericarpium.
[中图分类号]
R283.1
[基金项目]
中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);现代农业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-21);江苏省“六大人才高峰”高层次人才(JNHB-066);江苏省高校“青蓝工程”项目;江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX19_1254)