[关键词]
[摘要]
目的 研究47份不同来源、不同表型正品细辛样品的有效成分含量,评价正品细辛样品的质量,揭示有效成分形成与遗传和地域的关系,为细辛优良品种选育与开发利用提供理论依据。方法 冷凝回流法提取挥发油、乙醇热浸法提取醇溶性浸出物,HPLC法测定细辛脂素含量、气质联用(GC-MS)分析挥发油组分,组间联接法进行聚类分析。结果 47份细辛样品挥发油量0.81%~3.32%。有5份样品挥发油量超过3.0%。醇溶性浸出物量为9.87%~29.40%,含量超过20%的样品占总数的63.8%。细辛脂素质量分数为0.118%~0.424%,有26份样品细辛脂素质量分数超过0.25%;47份细辛挥发油可分离出的化合物种类48~77种,化合物种类和含量有较大差异。基于有效成分的聚类分析将不同来源地、不同表型的细辛分为10类,聚类方式基本是按照来源地为基础进行聚类,同一来源地的汉城细辛和北细辛聚在一类中。结论 在同一栽培环境和条件下,不同来源地、不同植物学表型的样品个体间有效成分含量间存在差异,新品种选育时可依照植物表型选择优良育种材料。大部分样品聚类与来源地域有关而与植物表型以及植物学分类无关。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Objective Active ingredients of 47 Asarum samples from different habitats with different phenotypes were analyzed in this paper in order to reveal the relationship between the formation of active ingredients and genetics and geography, and provide some scientific basis for the breeding and untilizing of Asarum. Methods Ethanol extract and volatile oil were extracted according to the methods of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Asarinin was detected by HPLC. Volatile oil compositon was determined by GC-MS. The between-groups linkage clustering method was carried out. Results Volatile oil content of 47 samples was 0.81%-3.32%, and five samples' volatile oil content exceeded 3.0%. Ethanol extract content of samples was 9.87%-29.40%, and ethanol extract content of 30 resources accounting for 63.8 percent of all samples exceeded 20%. Asarinin content of 26 resources was more than 0.25%. Totally 48-77 compounds from the volatile oil could be determined and relative content of each compound was different. Forty-seven samples from different habitats with different phenotypes were divided to ten groups by between-groups linkage clustering method according to the active ingredients. All the accessions could be classified clearly. The cluster of accessions was associated with resource region. Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum and Asarum sieboldii var. seoulense from the same origin were grouped together. Conclusion There were much more differences in active ingredients content among Asarum resources which were in different regions cultivated with same way and environment with different phenotypes. We could select the perfect fundamental material according to the phenotypes and introduce germplasm from different regions for breeding and utilizing of Asarum. Most of samples clustered together associated with their origins instead of phenotype or specie.
[中图分类号]
R286.2
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金项目(81403052);吉林省科技厅技术攻关项目(20190304017YY);吉林省科技厅医药健康专项(20191102038YY);国家重点专项(2019YFC1710070)