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[摘要]
目的 研究不同梯度水平氮、磷、钾肥对华重楼根茎的产量和品质的影响,确定华重楼植物的最适施肥方案,为合理施肥提供科学依据。方法 采用3因素5水平2次通用旋转组合设计进行田间试验,研究氮、磷、钾肥配施对华重楼根茎的产量总皂苷含量、灰分、水分和浸出物的影响。结果 建立的回归方程均达到显著水平;当施用氮肥41.66~52.60 kg/hm2、磷肥181.38~244.38 kg/hm2、钾肥24.16~35.20 kg/hm2时,华重楼根茎的增重率大于81.72%;当施用氮肥45.48~53.83 kg/hm2、磷肥179.98~236.83 kg/hm2、钾肥29.80~39.95 kg/hm2时,华重楼根茎的总皂苷含量大于11.09%;当施用氮肥28.01~37.79 kg/hm2、磷肥127.18~209.18 kg/hm2、钾肥25.27~34.09 kg/hm2时,华重楼根茎的浸出物含量大于14.31%。结论 氮、磷、钾肥配施有利于华重楼根茎的增重率、总皂苷含量和浸出物含量的提高,华重楼植物的最佳施肥量为氮肥37.79~45.48 kg/hm2、磷肥181.38~209.18 kg/hm2、钾肥29.80~34.09 kg/hm2。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Objective To research the effects of different gradient levels of N, P, and K of rhizome of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis yield and quality, determine the optimal fertilization scheme and provide a scientific basis for rational fertilization. Methods The three-factor five-level quadratic general rotation combination design was adopted for field experiment, correlation measurement and data analysis were carried out, and the effects of combined application of N, P, and K on weight gain rate, total saponin content, ash, moisture and extracts were investigated. Results The established regression equations reached significant levels. When applying 41.66-52.60 kg/hm2 of N, 181.38-244.38 kg/hm2 of P, 24.16-35.20 kg/hm2 of K, the rhizome weight gain rate of P. polyphylla var. chinensis was greater than 81.72%; When applying 45.48-53.83 kg/hm2 of N, 179.98-236.83 kg/hm2 of P, 29.80-39.95 kg/hm2 of K, the total saponin content in the rhizome of P. polyphylla var. chinensis was greater than 11.09%; When applying 28.01-37.79 kg/hm2 of N, 127.18-209.18 kg/hm2 of P, 25.27-34.09 kg/hm2 of K, the extract content of the rhizome of P. polyphylla var. chinensis was more than 14.31%. Conclusion The optimum fertilization amount on the rhizome of P. polyphylla var. chinensis was as follow:37.79-45.48 kg/hm2 of N, 181.38-209.18 kg/hm2 of P, and 29.80-34.09 kg/hm2 of K.
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[基金项目]
国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1708005);阿坝州科技条件能力建设和技术推广示范项目(18TJPT0004);西南民族大学研究生创新型科研项目(CX2018SZ82)