目的 揭示不同初加工干燥方法（阴干、晒干、冻干及热风干燥）对三七药材外观性状和内在结构及其品质的影响规律，为筛选适宜三七产地初加工的干燥方法提供理论依据。方法 比较阴干、晒干、冻干及热风干燥对三七的干燥速率和干燥后三七药材的复水速率、外观性状、折干率、密度、灰分、醇提物和内在成分（三七素，皂苷类成分三七皂苷R₁和人参皂苷Rg₁、Rb₁、Rd、Re，以及还原糖、总糖）含量的影响。结果 鲜三七采用阴干法干燥，干燥速率缓慢，耗时约473 h，但药材外观品质较优，质地坚实，复水速率慢，且总皂苷、三七素等内在成分含量均较高。经晒干法处理后，三七药材干燥速率也较缓慢，但因干燥周期长，药材淀粉、糖分等分解较多，致使三七药材断面泛白部分明显。鲜三七采用热风干燥时，干燥速率加快，耗时大幅缩短，其中40℃低温干燥时药材外观性状与阴干法具有相似性，干燥后药材质地较坚实，除三七素含量有所降低，皂苷成分与阴干法无明显差异；而50℃与60℃高温干燥，由于脱水速率过快导致三七药材空心不坚实，复水速率快，并导致鲜三七内容物外溢产生糖焦化现象，药材断面颜色随烘干温度升高变成棕褐色，并促使淀粉分解，总糖与还原性糖含量明显升高。冻干法干燥的药材复水速率极快，内部质地松泡多孔，质地变轻，但其皂苷成分和三七素等有效成分最高。结论 从外观性状、药效成分含量及成本等方面综合考虑，阴干法处理后的药材质地坚实，内部结构紧密，外观性状较好，且药效成分含量较高，三七药材的产地加工方法以阴干为宜；若药材加工量大，需缩短干燥加工时间，三七药材产地加工可以采用40℃左右的热风干燥工艺，其干燥加工药材接近阴干法处理；若进行三七中药效成分等提取物的生产，可以适当采用冻干法进行三七干燥。

Objective The effects of different drying methods (drying-in-the-shade, sun-drying, freeze-drying and hot air drying) on the appearance traits, internal structure and quality of the main roots of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma (NRR) were revealed, which provided a theoretical basis for screening the drying methods suitable for the primary processing of NRR. Methods In this study, the effect of four different drying methods on drying rate, rehydration rate, appearance traits, alcohol extracts and internal components (dencichine, saponin component notoginsenoside R₁ and ginsenoside Rg₁, Rb₁, Rd, Re, and reducing sugar, total sugar) of NRR were compared. Results Fresh NRR was dried by drying-in-the-shade method, and the drying rate was slow, which took about 473 h. However, the appearance quality of the medicinal materials was excellent with firm texture, slow rehydration rate, and high content of total saponins and dencichine. The drying rate of materials under sun drying method was also slow, and due to the long drying cycle, the starch and sugar of the medicinal materials were more decomposed, resulting in the whitening part of the medicinal materials of NRR. When fresh NRR was dried by hot air, the drying rate was faster and the time was shortened. When the temperature was 40℃, the appearance of the medicine was not much different from that of the drying-in-the-shade method. After drying, the material was firmer, except for the content of dencichine, the content of saponin had no difference between that of drying-in-the-shade; Due to the high drying temperature at 50℃ and 60℃, the excessive dehydration rate led to the hollowness of the NRR, and medicinal material was not solid; The rehydration rate was fast, and the content of NRR spilled out, resulting in sugar coking, and the color of the cross section of the medicinal material changed into deeper with the increase of the drying temperature, which resulted in the decomposition of starch, and the significant increase of total sugar and reducing sugar content. The lyophilized medicinal material had a very fast rehydration rate, and the internal texture was loose and porous, and the texture became light, but the saponin component and dencichine were the highest active ingredients. Conclusion Considering the aspects of appearance, medicinal ingredients and cost, fresh NRR dried by drying-in-the-shade method obtained solid material, compacted internal structure, good appearance and high content of medicinal ingredients. The primary processing method of NRR should be drying-in-the-shade. If the processing volume of the medicinal material is large, it needs to shorten the drying time, and the primary processing method of NRR should be hot air drying process at about 40℃. If the high-content medicinal ingredients are the purpose, it is recommended to use freeze-drying.

R283.1

国家中药标准化项目“注射用血栓通标准化建设”（2YBLH-C-9X-09）；国家重点研发计划中医药现代化研究重点专项（2017YFC1700704）；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金（CARS-21）