目的 对陕西产重楼属6个类群的遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行分析。方法 采用SCoT分子标记技术和非加权平均距离法（UPGMA）对陕西产重楼属6个类群48份样品进行遗传多样性和聚类分析。结果 从82条SCoT引物中共筛选出12条多态性稳定、清晰的引物，48份重楼样品共扩增出152个DNA片段，多态性片段数为135，平均每个引物扩增出12.67个DNA片段，其多态性为88.82%；重楼属植物在物种水平上具有较高的遗传多样性，Nei's基因多样性指数（H）为0.267 4，Shannon指数（I）平均值为0.404 1，居群间遗传分化系数（G_st）为0.517 9，种群间基因流（N_m）为0.465 4；6个类群重楼按遗传多样性水平排序为七叶一枝花 > 宽叶重楼 > 具柄重楼 > 狭叶重楼 > 宽瓣重楼 > 北重楼，聚类分析可将北重楼组和其他重楼组区分开来，当遗传距离一定时，重楼属6个类群被完全区分开来。结论 SCoT分子标记可获得多态性丰富、清晰的条带扩增图谱，表明该技术可用于陕西产重楼属主要类群物种分子鉴定和亲缘关系研究，为筛选与药典收载种类近缘的可替代资源种类、指导合理利用地方种类自然资源提供了科学依据。

Objective To study the genetic diversity and genetic structure of Paris genus in Shaanxi Province. Methods Start Codon Targeted Polymorphism (SCoT) molecular markers were performed on 48 samples from six taxas of Paris genus in Shaanxi. Genetic distance was calculated by POPGENE 3.2 software, and cluster analysis was generated by NTSYS 2.10 software based on unweighted mean distance method (UPGMA) method. Results A total of 152 bands were produced by 12 primers, among which 135 bands were polymorphic bands, and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 88.82%. The average value of Nei's genetic diversity index (H) was 0.267 4, Shannon's information index (I) was 0.404 1, genetic differentiation coefficient (G_st) was 0.517 9, and the gene flow (N_m) was 0.465 4. Six taxas were ranked by genetic diversity:Paris polyphylla > Paris polyphylla var. latifolia > Paris fargesii var. petiolata > Paris polyphylla var. stenophylla > Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis > Paris verticillata. Cluster analysis distinguished others from Paris verticillata; When the genetic distance was certain, six taxas of the genus were completely separated. Conclusion SCoT molecular markers can obtain polymorphic and clear band amplification map, which indicates that the technology can be used for molecular identification and genetic relationship of major taxas in Paris genus in Shaanxi Province, providing a scientific basis for screening alternative resource types close to the Pharmacopoeia collection and guiding the rational use of local species.

陕西省社会发展科技攻关项目（2016SF-360）；陕西省科学院科技计划项目（2018nk-01）；陕西中医药大学"秦药"品质评价及资源开发创新团队（2019-QN01）