目的 研究半夏曲中4种优势微生物的生理生化特性，测定炮制过程中不同时间点各样本的黄色素含量，为揭示半夏曲炮制机制奠定基础。方法 以半夏曲中筛选出的4株优势菌枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis、宛氏拟青霉Paecilomyces variotii、丝衣霉菌Byssochlamys spectabilis、黑曲霉Aspergillus niger为研究对象，分别测定它们的最适宜生长温度、pH值，利用糖类的产酸能力以及产淀粉酶、蛋白酶、黄色素的能力，同时测定半夏曲炮制过程中5个不同时间点样本的黄色素含量。结果 枯草芽孢杆菌、宛氏拟青霉、丝衣霉菌、黑曲霉生长的最适温度分别为35℃、29℃、29～31℃、39℃，最适pH值分别为7.0、7.0、7.5、7.0。4种菌均具有产淀粉酶和蛋白酶的能力，宛氏拟青霉、丝衣霉菌具有产黄色素能力。5个不同时间点样品的黄色素质量分数分别为69.875、69.875、71.750、119.500、137.875 μg/g。结论 4种优势微生物在半夏曲炮制中可能起重要作用。

Objective To study the physiological and biochemical characteristics of four dominant microorganisms and the yellow pigment content of Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata (PRF), and provide basis for exploring the mechanism of PRF processing. Methods The optimum growth temperature and pH value of the four dominant microorganisms Bacillus subtilis, Paecilomyces variotii, Byssochlamys spectabilis, and Aspergillus niger were studied. The ability of producing acidase, amylase, protease, and yellow pigment were determined. The yellow pigment content of each sample at different fermentation time points in process of PRF was determined. Results The most suitable growth temperatures for B. subtilis, P. variotii, B. spectabilis, and A. niger were 35℃, 29℃, 29-31℃, and 39℃; And the optimum pH were 7.0, 7.0, 7.5, and 7.0, respectively. Four kinds of microorganisms had the ability to produce amylase and protease. P. variotii and B. spectabilis had the ability to produce yellow pigment. The content of yellow pigment were 69.875, 69.875, 71.750, 119.500, and 137.875 μg/g in the samples at different time points. Conclusion Four kinds of dominant microorganisms may play an important role in fermentation process of PRF.

国家中医药管理局2015年中医药行业科研专项（201507004-03）