目的 探讨山楂炒制前后调脂作用的差异，筛选山楂调脂最优炮制品。方法 采用高脂饲料法制备SD大鼠高脂血症模型，应用¹H-NMR测定大鼠血清代谢物，结合多元统计分析方法分析给予大鼠净山楂、炒山楂、焦山楂后血清代谢物的变化，比较各炮制品对高脂血症大鼠模型的干预作用。结果 山楂不同炮制品均能显著降低高脂血症模型大鼠血清总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平，其中净山楂降低血脂作用最佳。与对照组相比，模型组大鼠血清中乳酸、丙酮酸、赖氨酸、肌酸、甘油脂、鸟氨酸、氧化三甲胺（TMAO）、α-酮异戊酸、O-乙酰糖蛋白、N-乙酰糖蛋白、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸含量升高，而胆碱、丙酮、苏氨酸、鲨肌醇、谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）、多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）、甘油磷脂酰胆碱（GPC）、葡萄糖含量降低。给药后山楂各炮制组大鼠血清中内源性物质的代谢状态差异明显，与炒山楂、焦山楂组相比，净山楂组调节高脂血症模型大鼠血清中差异代谢物的数量和程度更接近对照组。结论 山楂炮制后调脂作用存在差异，且以净山楂效果最优，可能是通过调节氧化应激、能量代谢、氨基酸代谢及肠道菌群等发挥作用。

Objective To investigate the difference of lipid-lowering effect of raw and processed Crataegi Fructus, and to select the optimal antihyperlipidemic product. Methods The hyperlipidemia model of SD rats was induced by high fat diet. After administration of Crataegi Fructus (1.5 g/kg), fried and coked Crataegi Fructus (1.5 g/kg), the changes of serum metabolites were analyzed by ¹H-NMR technique combined with multivariate statistical analysis. Results Different processing products of Crataegi Fructus can significantly reduce the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C in hyperlipidemia rats, among which Crataegi Fructus had best hypolipidemic effects. The serum contents of lactate, pyruvate, lysine, creatine, glycerol, ornithine, TMAO, α-ketoisovaleric acid, O-acetylglycoprotein, N-acetylglycoprotein, leucine and isoleucine were increased in model group, while choline, acetone, threonine, scyllitol, glutamine, glutamic acid, MUFA, PUFA, GPC, and glucose were decreased compared with control group. After administration of different processing products of Crataegi Fructus, endogenous metabolites were recovered significantly. The effect of Crataegi Fructus on hyperlipidemia was superior to those of fried and coked Crataegi Fructus according to the degree and number of the metabolites recovered. Conclusion There are differences between the raw and processed Crataegi Fructus, and raw Crataegi Fructus showed the best effect on hyperlipidemia, the effect may be achieved through regulating oxidative stress, energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and gut microbiota.

国家中药标准化项目（ZYBZH-Y-JIN-34）