目的 研究人参花蕾中的黄酮类化学成分及其抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性。方法 采用MCI gel、硅胶柱色谱及半制备高效液相色谱等方法进行分离、纯化，NMR、MS等波谱数据进行结构鉴定。运用96微孔板测定化合物的体外抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性。结果 从人参花蕾醇提物的醋酸乙酯层中分离得到了5个黄酮类化合物，分别鉴定为山柰酚3-O-（2″，3″-二-反式-对-香豆酰基）-α-L-鼠李糖苷（1）、山柰酚3-O-（3″，4″-二-反式-对-香豆酰基）-α-L-鼠李糖苷（2）、山柰酚3-O-（3″-顺式-对-香豆酰基，4″-反式-对-香豆酰基）-α-L-鼠李糖苷（3）、山柰酚3-O-（2″，4″-二-反式-对-香豆酰基）-α-L-鼠李糖苷（4）及山柰酚3-O-（2″，4″-二-顺式-对-香豆酰基）-α-L-鼠李糖苷（5）。α-葡萄糖苷酶体外抑制活性测定结果表明，化合物3对α-葡萄糖苷酶有较强抑制作用。结论 化合物1～5均为首次从人参属中分离得到，人参花蕾中的苯丙酰基酰化黄酮醇苷类成分对α-葡萄糖苷酶有一定的抑制作用。

Objective To study the chemical constituents of flavonoids and its α-glucosidase inhibitory activity from the flower buds of Panax ginseng. Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by MCI gel, silica gel and semi-preparative HPLC chromatography, and the structures were elucidated based on the NMR and MS data. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the isolated compounds in vitro were determined by 96-well microtiter plate. Results From ethyl acetate fraction of alcohol extract of P. ginseng flower buds, five flavonoids were isolated and identified as kaempferol-3-O-(2″,3″-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-L-rhamnoside (1), kaempferol-3-O-(3″,4″-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-L-rhamnoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-(3″-Z-p-coumaroyl,4″-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-L-rhamnoside (3), kaempferol-3-O-(2″,4″-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-L-rhamnoside (4), and kaempferol-3-O-(2″,4″-di-Z-p-coumaroyl)-α-L-rhamnoside (5). The inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase in vitro showed that compound 3 had stronger inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase. Conclusion Compounds 1-5 are isolated from this genus for the first time, and the phenylpropionyl acylated flavonol glycosides in P. ginseng flower buds have some inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase in vitro.

R284.1

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81603272）；大连市高层次人才创新支持计划（2017RQ152）；辽宁省高等学校创新团队支持计划（LT2016017）；大连市科技创新基金（2018J12SN062）；大连市第二批领军人才资助项目