[关键词]
[摘要]
微生物污染是饮片外源性污染的主要形式之一,也是影响人体健康的重要途径。对近10年来饮片微生物污染及典型菌研究进展进行综述,结果显示目前我国饮片微生物污染较为严重,不同品种、来源及炮制方法饮片间微生物污染存在较大差异,耐热菌及耐胆盐革兰阴性菌污染率高,其他控制菌检出率较低。污染典型菌的分离鉴定研究主要集中于耐热菌及革兰阴性杆菌,典型耐热菌主要是来源于土壤及其他外环境的芽胞杆菌属,少数分离菌株对人类有致病报道;分离的典型革兰阴性杆菌70%以上菌株有致病报道,以阴沟肠杆菌为常见分离菌。近年来,一些新的污染典型菌检测方法逐步被应用,如API、Vitek2 Compact鉴定系统、FRIT、MALDI-TOF/MS、核糖体分型技术及16 S rRNA宏基因组高通量测序技术等,这些方法较传统方法更灵敏、快捷和准确。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Microbial contamination is one of exogenous contamination of decoction pieces and is also an important way to affect human health. In this paper, to explore the research progress on microbiological contamination and typical bacteria in decoction pieces, the literatures on microbial pollution of decoction pieces in recent 10 years were reviewed. The results showed that the microbiological contamination in decoction pieces in China was serious, the microbial contamination of decoction pieces among different varieties, sources, and processing methods showed significant differences. The detection rates of heat-resistant bacteria and bile-tolerant gram-negative bacteria were high, while that of other control bacteria was low. The research of typical bacteria in decoction pieces mainly focused on the heat-resistant bacteria and gram-negative bacilli. The isolated heat-resistant bacteria were mainly derived from bacillus in the soil or other external environments, and few isolated strains were reported to cause disease in human. More than 70% of gram-negative bacilli isolated from decoction pieces were reported to be pathogenic, and Enterobacter cloacae was more common than other isolated gram-negative bacilli. In addition to conventional methods, more sensitive, fast, and accurate methods have been adopted for the identification of typical bacteria contaminated in decoction pieces, such as API, Vitek2 Compact identification system, FRIT, MALDI-TOF/MS, ribotyping, and 16 S rRNA high-throughput sequencing.
[中图分类号]
R291.2
[基金项目]
武汉科技大学大学生科技创新基金项目(17ZRA072)