目的 研究川乌茎、叶中生物碱类成分在不同生长期的含量变化。方法 采用Phenomenex C₁₈色谱柱（150 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm），流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液（A）-乙腈（B），质谱采用ESP多反应监测（multiple reaction monitoring，MRM）模式扫描；建立HPLC-MS/MS方法同时测定川乌茎叶中乌头碱、新乌头碱、印乌头碱、次乌头碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、苯甲酰新乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱、乌头原碱、尼奥林、附子灵、宋果灵、塔拉乌头胺、去甲乌药碱、去甲猪毛菜碱14种生物碱的含量。结合主成分分析（PCA）追踪川乌茎叶在生长过程中不同生物碱的含量变化规律。结果 14种生物碱在各自浓度范围内线性关系良好（r²>0.990 0），定量限为2.27～18.27 ng/mL，平均回收率在94.73%～104.50%。结果表明，川乌茎叶中均含有相当量的生物碱，且茎中生物碱总量高于叶，茎在5、6、7、8月的生物碱总量分别为0.087 1%、0.182 8%、0.141 0%、0.199 4%，呈现波浪形上升趋势，8月份到达峰值；叶在5、6、7、8月生物碱总量分别为0.074 7%、0.075 9%、0.081 4%、0.058 9%，呈现出先上升后下降的变化趋势，叶中生物碱的总量7月最高。结论 PCA发现茎、叶中生物碱含量在不同时期表现出不同的变化趋势。茎中生物碱在采收期达到峰值，生物碱含量可观，具有成为新药用资源的潜力与开发价值。

Objective To investigate the content changes of alkaloids in stems and leaves of Aconiti Radix at different growth period. Methods The Phenomenex C₁₈ column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution-acetonitrile was selected as mobile phase; The mass spectrum was scanned by ESI⁺ multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The HPLC-MS/MS method was established for the simultaneous determination of aconitine, mesaconitine, hypaconitine, indaconitine, benzoylaconine, benzoylmesaconine, benzoylhypaconitine, aconine, fuziline, neoline, talatisamine, songorine, higenamine, and salsoline in the stems and leaves of Aconite Radix. Combined with principal component analysis (PCA), the transfer rule of various alkaoids was tracked in the growth cycle of Aconiti Radix. Results Methodological validation results showed that the linear range of the 14 compounds was good (r² > 0.990 0). The limit of quantification was 2.27—18.27 ng/mL, and the average recovery was 94.73%—104.50%. The results showed that there was considerable amounts of alkaloids in stems and leaves of Aconiti Radix, and the total contents of alkaloids in stems were higher than those in leaves. In May, June, July, and August, the total content of alkaloids in stems was 0.087 1%, 0.182 8%, 0.141 0%, and 0.199 4% respectively, which showed a wave-like upward trend. The total content of alkaloids in leaves was 0.074 7%, 0.075 9%, 0.081 4%, and 0.058 9% respectively, which showed a trend of rising first and then decreasing, and the total content of alkaloids in leaves was highest in July. Conclusion PCA found that the alkaloids content in stems and leaves showed different variation trend in the different period. The considerable alkaloids in stems reached the peak value at the harvest time. The amount of alkaloids is considerable, which has the potential and development value of becoming new medicinal resources.

四川省中医药管理局中医药科研专项（2018QN008）；成都中医药大学中药学学科特色创新科研团队（CXTD2018006）；成都中医药大学科技发展基金资助项目（ZRQN1515）