目的 分析1、2、3年生药用大黄Rheum officinale根、根茎、叶片中10种成分的含量及变化规律，为大黄质量评价和药材高效生产提供理论依据。方法 采用HPLC法测定大黄中各成分的含量；借助SPSS 24.0进行单因素方差分析和多重比较。结果 建立的HPLC分析体系线性范围良好（r²>0.997），精密度、稳定性、重复性RSD均小于2%，加样回收率96.10%~107.10%。含量分析结果表明，同一部位中，没食子酸的含量逐年或次年下降（P<0.05），大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚、大黄素-8-O-葡萄糖苷、番泻苷B的含量逐年或第3年显著增加（P<0.05）；根中大黄酚-8-O-葡萄糖苷、芦荟大黄素含量次序为3年生 > 1年生 > 2年生、1年生 > 3年生 > 2年生（P<0.05），二者在根茎及叶片中逐年或第3年增加（P<0.05）；根或根茎儿茶素含量随年份增加，叶片中降低。同一年限内，除大黄素甲醚、大黄酚-8-O-葡萄糖苷外，根或根茎其他8种成分的含量显著高于叶片（P<0.05）；根中大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素-8-O-葡萄糖苷、没食子酸、儿茶素的含量高于根茎（P<0.05）或与之相当；2年生大黄酚-8-O-葡萄糖苷根茎中含量高于根中（P<0.05）；2、3年生大黄番泻苷B的含量在根、根茎、叶片依次显著降低（P<0.05），芦荟大黄素的含量依次为根茎 > 根 > 叶片（P<0.05）。结论 基于HPLC分析的药用大黄10种成分在不同年限、不同部位样品中差异积累；同一部位样品中多数成分含量随生长年限延长而增加；同一年份的根或根茎中多数成分含量高于叶片；3年生大黄根及根茎中成分含量最高。

Objective To analyze the content and variation rules of 10 constituents in radix, rhizome, and leaf of Rheum officinale at one-, two-, and three-year-old stage, respectively, and provide theoretical guidance for efficient production and quality control of the crud drug. Methods The content of each constituent in R. officinale was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and one factor analysis of variance and multiple comparison were performed by SPSS 24.0. Results HPLC system was established for the determination of 10 components in R. officinale. The linear range was good (r² > 0.997), RSD of precision, stability, and repeatability were less than 2%, and the recoveries were 96.10%-107.10%, respectively. The content analyses showed that, in the same part, the content of gallic acid decreased significantly year by year or at the 2nd growth years (P < 0.05); The contents of rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, emodin monomethyl ether, emodin-8-O-glucoside, and sensenoside B increased significantly year by year or at the 3rd growth year (P < 0.05); The contents of aloe-emodin and chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside were in the order of 1 > 3 > 2 (P < 0.05), 3 > 1 > 2 (P < 0.05) in radix, and increased significantly year by year or at the 3rd growth year (P < 0.05) in rhizome and leaf. Catechins concentration enhanced by year in radix and rhizome, and decreased in leaf (P < 0.05). During the same growth year, except emodin methyl ether and chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside, the accumulations of other eight components in radix or rhizome displayed significantly higher than those in leaf (P < 0.05). The contents of rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, emodin-8-O-glucoside, gallic acid, and catechin in radix were higher than those in rhizome (P < 0.05), or similar to those in rhizome (P < 0.05). Chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside accumulated higher in rhizome than that in radix for the two years old plants (P < 0.05). The content of sennoside B in radix, rhizome, and leaf successively decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and the content of aloe-emodin was in the order of rhizome > radix > leaf (P < 0.05). Conclusion The HPLC based determination of 10 constituents in R. officinale showed that the accumulation profiles of the samples at different years or from different parts varied. For the same parts, the contents of most constituents increased year by year. During the same growth year, the contents of most constituents in radix or rhizome were higher than those in leaf. The radix and rhizome of the three years old samples had the highest contents of main constituents.

R286.2

陕西中医药大学"秦药"品质评价及资源开发创新团队项目；陕西中医药大学新进博士科研启动经费（104080001）；陕西省高校青年杰出人才支持计划项目；咸阳市中青年科技领军人才项目；陕西省科技厅项目（2016KTTSSF01-01-01）