目的 研究黄芩秋季采收期药效成分的动态变化及生态因子和关键酶表达对其的影响。方法 以人工栽培的一年生黄芩为研究对象，采用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）法测定秋季连续时间黄芩根组织中9种关键酶基因（PAL、C4H、4CL、CHS、CHI、FNS、F6H、UBGAT、GUS）的表达量；采用HPLC法测定黄芩根中4种主要黄酮类化合物（黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素）的含量；以生态气象站对黄芩样地气象数据进行采集；采用SPSS统计软件和DPS统计软件进行数据分析。结果 4种黄酮类化合物含量在一年生黄芩秋季呈缓慢下降的趋势，因此黄芩秋季最佳采收时间应在9月初；灰色关联度分析结果表明影响4种黄酮类药效成分较大的生态因子为土壤含水量、最高空气温度、空气湿度、光合有效辐射；C4H、UBGAT基因的表达对黄芩秋季根部黄酮类化合物的积累具有重要影响；最大降雨强度可能通过对关键酶基因表达的影响来间接影响黄芩药效成分的积累。结论 明确了一年生黄芩秋季采收期4种主要黄酮类药效成分的动态变化和黄酮类化合物关键酶基因的表达，为黄芩黄酮类化合物合成生理生态机制的明晰和黄芩药材质量的提高提供了理论依据。

Objective To study the dynamic changes of the pharmacodynamic components of Scutellaria baicalensis in the harvest period and the effects of ecological factors and key enzyme expression on it. Methods The artificial cultivated annual S. baicalensis was studied and the expression of nine key enzyme genes (PAL, C4H, 4CL, CHS, CHI, FNS, F6H, UBGAT, and GUS) in the roots of S. baicalensis were determined by real-time quantitative PCR. The content of four main flavonoids (baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, and wogonin) in the roots was determined by HPLC. The meteorological data of S. baicalensis were collected by the ecological meteorological station. SPSS statistical software and DPS statistical software were used for data analysis. Results The content of flavonoids of four monomers of annual S. baicalensis decreased slowly in autumn, so the best harvest time of S. baicalensis was in early September. The results of grey correlation analysis showed that the ecological factors affecting the four flavonoids were SWC, Max Ta, RH, and PAR. The expression of C4H and UBGAT genes had an important effect on the accumulation of flavonoids in the roots of S. baicalensis in autumn. Maximum rainfall intensity may indirectly affect the accumulation of the pharmacodynamic components of S. baicalensis by affecting the gene expression of key enzymes. Conclusion The dynamic changes of four main flavonoids of annual S. baicalensis in autumn and the expression of key enzyme genes of S. baicalensis annual are clarified, providing the theoretical basis for the clarification of the physiological and ecological mechanism of the biosynthesis of S. baicalensis and the improvement of the quality of S. baicalensis.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（31570327）；吉林省科技厅自然科学基金项目（20170101029JC）