目的 研究人参皂苷Rh₂（S） 促白血病K562和KG1a细胞凋亡的机制。方法 CCK-8法检测人参皂苷Rh₂（S） 对细胞增殖的影响；镜下观察细胞的生长情况；流式细胞术（FCM）检测细胞周期和凋亡；Western blotting法检测周期和凋亡相关蛋白以及组蛋白去乙酰化酶6（HDAC6）、热休克蛋白90（HSP90）、蛋白激酶B（Akt）、糖原合成酶激酶-3（GSK-3β）和β-连环蛋白（β-catenin）的表达。结果 CCK-8结果显示人参皂苷Rh₂（S） 对K562和KG1a细胞具有较明显的增殖抑制作用；FCM结果显示人参皂苷Rh₂（S）能够将K562和KG1a细胞周期阻滞在G₀/G₁期，同时促进细胞凋亡；Western blotting结果显示人参皂苷Rh₂（S）能够抑制Bcl-2、Cyclin D1、HDAC6、HSP90、p-Akt和β-catenin蛋白的表达，促进Bax、Ac-α-tubulin和GSK-3β蛋白的表达。结论 Rh₂（S） 通过抑制HDAC6的表达导致HSP90的表达下降，进一步抑制Akt的活性，激活GSK-3β，最后抑制Wnt/β-catenin信号通路，促进白血病细胞凋亡。

Objective To explore the specific mechanism of ginsenoside Rh₂(S) inducing the apoptosis of leukemia cells. Methods The effect of Rh₂(S) on proliferation of leukemia cells K562 and KG1a was measured by cell counting kit-8 assay (CCK-8 assay). The growth states of cells were observed under the inverted phase microscope, and cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry (FCM). The expression levels of HDAC6, HSP90, Akt, GSK-3β, β-catenin, and cell cycle apoptosis related proteins were ascertained by Western blotting. Results The results of CCK-8 showed that Rh₂(S) had the most obvious inhibitory effect on the proliferation of leukemia cells. Rh₂(S) significantly induced apoptosis and led to cell cycle arrest at G₀/G₁ phase of leukemia cells by FCM. While the microscope observation showed that the number of cells was decreased and normal cell morphology changed. Rh₂(S) decreased the expression of Bcl-2, Cyclin D1, HDAC6, HSP90, p-Akt, and β-catenin and increased the expression of Bax, Ac-α-tubulin, and GSK-3β by Western blotting. Conclusion Rh₂(S) can effectively inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of K562 and KG1a cells, its specific mechanism may relate to inhibitting the expression of HDAC6, resulting in a decline in the expression of HSP90, so as to further inhibit the activity of Akt activation of GSK-3, and finally inhibit Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

重庆市卫生和计划生育委员会医学科研项目资助（201703073）；重庆医药高等专科学校自科重点项目（ygz2018101）