目的 对黄连根腐病病株及健株根际土壤真菌种群组成、丰富度及多样性进行分析。方法 利用Illumina高通量测序技术来分析黄连根腐病病株及健株根际土壤真菌种群组成、丰度和多样性。用Spearman分析土壤理化性质和土壤真菌丰富度前35个属的相关性进行分析。结果 高通量测序共获得106 267个有效标签（effective tags），主要分为子囊菌门、接合菌门、担子菌门、球囊菌门、壶菌门和Neocallimastigomycota。健株和病株土样真菌种群多样性差异不显著。病株土样中，子囊菌门、担子菌门和壶菌门的相对丰度显著高于健株土壤；而接合菌门、球囊菌门和Neocallimastigomycota在病株土样的相对丰度则显著低于健株土样。在属水平上，病株土壤中镰刀菌属的相对丰度显著高于健株土样。Spearman分析结果表明，镰刀菌属与pH值和速效磷的含量呈显著正相关，与碱解氮的含量呈显著负相关。结论 土壤理化性质的改变与土壤真菌多样性变化相关。

Objective To reveal fungal community composition and diversity in health and root rot of Coptis chinensis in rhizosphere soil. Methods High-throughput sequencing technology was used to characterize the fungal community composition, richness, and diversity of health and root rot Coptis chinensis in rhizosphere soil in Shizhu County of Chongqing Province. Spearman analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between soil physicochemical parameters and the first 35 most abundant fungal genera. Results More than 106 267 effective tags were obtained, and the community was composed of six phyla (Ascomycota, Zygomycota, Basidiomycota, Glomeromycota, Chytridiomycota, and Neocallimastigomycota). The fungal community diversity showed no significant difference in healthy and root rot samples. The relative abundance of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Chytridiomycota in root rot soil was significantly higher than that in healthy soil. Moreover, the relative abundance of Zygomycota, Glomeromycota, and Neocallimastigomycota in root rot soil was significantly lower than in healthy soil. The relative abundance of Fusarium was significantly higher in root rot samples than in healthy samples. Spearman analysis showed that the relative abundance of Fusarium was significantly positively correlated with pH and available phosphorus, but negatively correlated with alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen. Conclusion Changes in soil physicochemical characteristics were related to the changes in soil fungal diversity.

中医药现代化研究专项（SQ2017YFC170397）；国家中药材产业技术体系（CARS-21）；重庆市现代山地特色高效农业技术体系（2018-[5]号）；重庆市基本科研业务项目（2015cstcjbky01904）；重庆市卫计委项目（ZY201801006，ZY201802038）