目的 研究川明参生产中氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）最佳施肥组合及施肥量，为川明参大田栽培合理施肥提供技术支撑和理论依据。方法 采用L₉（3⁴）正交试验设计，研究N、P、K配施对川明参产量和主要有效成分的影响。结果 合理的N、P、K配施可显著提高川明参的产量，并有利于总多糖及欧前胡素的积累。其中，以N₂P₁K₂的产量最高，其产量为75.22 kg/hm²，增产率达60.67%，总多糖质量分数为25.46%，欧前胡素质量分数为0.489 mg/g；N₃P₂K₂的产量最低，其产量为44.82 kg/hm²，总多糖质量分数为2.40%，欧前胡素质量分数为0.379 mg/g。N、P、K 3种肥料配施对川明参产量影响的大小顺序为N>P>K，N肥增产效应最明显，P肥次之，K肥最差。结论 最佳施肥组合为N₂P₁K₂或N₂P₃K₁，最佳施肥量为N、P₂O₅、K₂O施用量分别为1.08、0.73、0.83 kg/hm²或1.08、1.10、0.50 kg/hm²。

Objective The best combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and application amount of fertilizer were studied to provide technical support and theoretical basis for rational fertilization in the production of Chuanmingshen violaceum. Methods The effects of N, P and K application on yield and main effective components of C. violaceum were studied by L₉(3⁴) orthogonal experiment design. Results Reasonable N, P, and K application could significantly increase the yield of C. violaceum, and was beneficial to the accumulation of total polysaccharides and the content of imperatorin. Among them, the yield of 75.22 kg/hm² under the combination of N₂P₁K₂ was the highest, the increase rate was 60.67%, the total polysaccharide content was 25.46%, and the content of imperatorin was 0.489 mg/g. The yield of 44.82 kg/hm under the combination of N₃P₂K₂ was the lowest, the total polysaccharide content was 2.40%, and the content of imperatorin was 0.379 mg/g. The effects sequence of N, P, and K fertilizers on the yield of C. violaceum were N > P > K. The nitrogen fertilizer had the most obvious effect on the yield of C. violaceum, followed by phosphate fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer had the worst effect. Conclusion Under the conditions of this experiment, the best combination of fertilization was N₂P₁K₂ or N₂P₃K₁. The optimum amount of fertilization of N, P₂O₅, and K₂O were 1.08, 0.73, and 0.83 kg/hm², respectively; or 1.08, 1.10, and 0.50 kg/hm², respectively.

四川省科技厅科技支撑计划（2013SZ0114）；四川省中医药管理局应用基础研究项目（A-2012N-14）；四川省省级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项（A-2018N-12，A-2011N-35，A-2010N-39）；2018年四川省大学生创新创业训练计划项目（201810639024）