生物碱是天然有机体中具有众多结构类型和显著生物活性的一类次级代谢产物，大多具有复杂的环状结构，具有降血糖、抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗病毒等药理活性，是药用植物中最重要的活性成分之一。针对国内外研究的降血糖活性生物碱及其作用机制进行综述，以期为生物碱类降血糖药物的发现、药理学、构效关系等研究提供参考依据。

Alkaloids are a class of secondary metabolites with many structural types and significant biological activities in natural organisms. As one of the most important active ingredients in medicinal plants, they are characterized by containing nitrogen atoms in chemical structures, most of them have complex cyclic structures, possessing antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral activities, and so on. This review summarizes the structural types of hypoglycemic alkaloids and their mechanisms, which will provide new insights and references for the research on alkaloid hypoglycemic agents discovery, pharmacology, and structure-activity relationship.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81760633，31500049）；青海省自然科学基金资助项目（2017-ZJ-943Q）