[关键词]
[摘要]
石斛属Dendrobium Sw.是兰科重要的属之一,同具观赏价值与药用价值。石斛属植物的茎作为中药材石斛,已被广泛使用达千年,其主要有滋补、止痛、解热、抗炎等功效。近几十年来,国内外学者从40多种石斛属植物的药用部位中分离鉴定出约100种化合物,包括多糖、生物碱、黄酮、酚、萜、氨基酸、香豆素、鞣质、甾醇、微量元素等类化合物。综述近10多年从石斛中发现的化学成分及其在增强免疫、缓解糖尿病及其并发症、抑制肿瘤、抗氧化、延缓衰老、护肝、抗炎、保护神经系统、保护心血管、改善肠胃功能、抗血管生成、改善过敏性皮肤炎体征、缓解疲劳、抗血小板凝集等方面的药理作用,并提出了下一步研究的重点方向。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Dendrobium represents one of the most important orchid genera with ornamental and medicinal values. The stems of Dendrobium species have been used as Dendrobii Caulis in traditional Chinese medicine for a thousand years, which manifest a diversity of medicinal effects including tonic, analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory. In recent decades, about 100 compounds have been found and identified from the medicinal parts of more than 40 Dendrobium species, which include polysaccharide, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, amino acids, trace elements, coumarin, tanning, sterols, etc. This review focus on main research conducted during the last decade on Dendrobii Caulis and their constituents, which have been studied on their pharmacological effects involving immunomodulatory activities, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-oxidant, anti-aging, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardiovascular protective, enterogastric strengthening, anti-angiogenesis, allergic dermatitis symptoms improving, antifatigue, antiplatelet aggregation, etc. Simultaneously, the key research problems and the future development on Dendrobium are prospected.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS计划)区域重点项目;中国科学院西部之光项目;四川省“十三五”中药材育种攻关项目(2016NYZ0036-1);四川省重点研发项目(2016JZ0015,2017SZ0022,2018SZ0096,2018NZ0062)