[关键词]
[摘要]
目的 研究姜黄属中药重金属元素与道地性的相关性。方法 采用ICP-MS技术测定不同道地产区、不同基原的莪术、姜黄和郁金共20批次药材中重金属元素含量的差异以及研究传统水煎法对重金属元素的影响,并进行系统聚类分析,研究药材中重金属元素含量与道地性的关系以及在煎煮过程中微量元素由饮片到汤液的分布变化。结果 聚类分析数据显示,同一产地的药材可较好地聚为一类,具有相同基原、不同入药部位的3种药材能明显的区分开。对于同一药材、不同基原的莪术药材、蓬莪术与广西莪术虽然产地不同,但具有更相似的特征,对于重金属元素的富集也更为相似。不同产地、不同基原饮片中各重金属元素含量差异为Cu > Pb > Cd > As > Hg;元素溶出率显示,中药材重金属在传统水煎过程中不易溶出,且经过煎煮各元素含量发生较大改变,溶出的元素含量存在As > Pb > Hg > Cu > Cd的趋势,表明Cu元素虽然在原饮片中含量远大于其他元素,但溶出率低。结论 不同产地姜黄属药材重金属元素含量存在明显差异,与药材品种和产地分布呈一定规律性。表明产地环境对其重金属元素富集具有显著影响,且不同品种对重金属元素选择性富集能力不同。重金属元素在煎煮过程中由饮片到汤液的分布变化显示饮片中重金属含量与患者口服的汤液中重金属元素含量不一定呈正相关,各元素溶出率都较低,揭示了中药入传统汤剂的科学性和合理性,并可为重金属限量标准提供依据。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Objective To study the correlation between the heavy metal elements and the genuineness of Curcum. Methods ICP-MS technique was used to determine the difference of heavy metal elements content in 20 batches of Curcumae Rhizoma, Curcumae Longae Rhizoma, and Curcumae Radix in different original regions and different original plants, and study the effect of water extraction on heavy metal elements content. The relationship between heavy metals content and genuineness in medicinal materials and the distribution change of trace elements in the decoction process from slices into the decoction were studied by systematic cluster analysis. Results The medicinal herbs of the same origin can be grouped together, and the three medicinal herbs which were different medicinal parts of the same original plants could be separated clearly. For the Curcumae Rhizoma from different original plants, C. phaeocaulis and C. kwangsiensis produced from different places have more similar characteristics, and had more similar enrichment of heavy metal elements. The content of heavy metal elements in different producing areas and different original plants tablets were different:Cu > Pb > Cd > As > Hg; Results indicated that heavy metal element of Chinese medicinal materials in the process of decoction had low dissolution rate, and the content of each element changed greatly after decoction. The element content of dissolution was As > Pb > Hg > Cu > Cd, which showed that the content of Cu was greater than other elements in the original slices, but its dissolution rate was low. Conclusion The content of heavy metals in Curcuma from different habitats was obviously different, and it had certain regularity with the varieties of medicinal materials and distribution of producing areas. The origin environment has a significant effect on the enrichment of heavy metal elements, and the selective enrichment ability of heavy metal elements in different varieties is different. Heavy metal elements distribution changes in the process of decoction from slices into the decoction showed that the content of heavy metals in slices could have no positive correlation with that in patients with oral decoction, and each element had low dissolution rate, which reveals the scientificity and rationality of the clinical application of Chinese materia medica into traditional Chinese medicine decoction, and provides reference for the limited standard content of heavy metals.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(81403103)