目的 对西南不同产区3种天麻变型的主要化学成分含量进行比较和主成分分析，为进一步开发利用天麻资源和评价药材质量提供理论依据。方法 采用苯酚-浓硫酸法测定天麻多糖含量，茚三酮显色法测定游离氨基酸含量，Folin-Ciocaileu比色法测定总多酚含量，HPLC法测定天麻中天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇含量，并利用主成分分析法对天麻药材质量进行评价。结果 不同产区天麻资源材料的主要化学成分含量差异较大。变异系数以天麻多糖含量最小，为18.025%，对羟基苯甲醇含量的变异系数最高，达48.978%。其中，四川北川的乌天麻游离氨基酸、总多酚和天麻素含量均最高，分别为2.873%、0.805%和0.862%，与其他产区样品间差异均达极显著水平；贵州大方的绿天麻多糖含量最高，为29.225%，显著高于北川的乌天麻，并极显著高于其余天麻；对羟基苯甲醇含量最高的为云南昭通的乌天麻，其次为四川广元的红天麻，两者间差异不显著。结论 天麻中各成分在地区或变型间差异不显著，从主要化学成分角度分析，四川北川的乌天麻药材质量最好。

Objective To compare and principal component analyze the main chemical composition contents in three variants of Gastrodia elata from southwest of China in order to provide reference for further researches and evaluations on the quality of G. elata.Method Sulfuric acid-phenol method was used to measure the contents of polysaccharides of three variants of G. elata, the contents of free amino acid of three variants of G. elata were estimated by ninhydrin colorimetric method, and the total phenol content of three variants of G. elata were measured by Folin-Ciocaileu colorimetry. HPLC method was applied to determine the contents of gastrodin and hydroxyphenyl methanol of three variants of G. elata from southwest China, and the data was analyzed by principal component analysis.Results The results indicated that the contents of main chemical composition had great difference in different variants of G. elata from southwest China, and the coefficient of variation (CV) of polysaccharide contents was the smallest with 18.025%, and CV of hydroxyphenyl methanol was the biggest with 48.978%. Among the components in this study, the contents of free amino acid, total polyphenol, and gastrodine of G. elata f. glauca from Beichuan in Sichuan province were 2.873%, 0.805%, and 0.862%, respectively, which were all extremely different from the other materials. G. elata f. viridis from Dafang in Guizhou province had the highest content of polysaccharide with the value of 29.225%, which had significantly higher content of polysaccharide than that of G. elata f. glauca from Beichuan and had extremely significantly higher content of polysaccharides than that of the rest. G. elata f. glauca from Zhaotong in Yunnan province had the highest content of hydroxyphenyl methanol, then G. elata f. elata from Guangyuan in Sichaun province, with no significant difference between them.Conclusion There was no significant difference among the regions or variants in main chemical composition contents. The quality of G. elata f. glauca from Beichuan in Sichuan province was the best from the perspective of main chemical composition.

四川省科技支撑计划"川贝母等高山、半高山中药材规范化种植和产地加工技术研究"子课题"天麻规范化种植与应用示范"（2014SZ0131）