目的 研究甘肃野生红芪种质资源的遗传结构及遗传多样性。方法 收集15份武都、宕昌红芪自然分布区野生种质样本，采用ISSR标记技术扩增，POPGENE 1.32软件计算遗传多样性参数，NTSYS软件进行UPGMA与PCoA分析，采用Arlequin 31开展分子变异分析，运用structure 2.3.4软件开展居群结构分析。结果 9条引物总共扩增出173条条带，多态性条带数为126，多态性比率为72.83%，取样野生红芪种群的多态性位点比率（PPL）为49.71%~61.85%，平均多态性比率为55.78%。红芪种群的总体物种水平的等位基因观察数（N_a）为1.728 3，有效等位基因数（N_e）为1.364 6，Nei's基因多样性指数（H）为0.224 2，Shannon's指数（I）为0.334 5。野生红芪种质的Nei总基因多样性为0.223 0，Nei's种群内基因多样性为0.192 1，Nei's基因分化系数为0.138 9，基因流为3.099 4。野生红芪种质种群间的变异为16.36%，种群内的变异占83.64%，遗传变异主要发生在种群内。UPGMA、PCoA与居群结构分析均表明取样野生红芪种质种群可分为2类，Mantel相关性检测发现，遗传分化与地理距离呈中等程度相关性。结论 取样野生红芪种质具有丰富的遗传多样性，遗传结构呈现出遗传分化主要发生在种群内与多年生的特征，为保护与开发利用红芪种质资源提供了理论基础。

Objective Assessment of genetic diversity and genetic structure of germplasm of wild Hedysari Radix.Methods Fifteen germplasms of wild Hedysari Radix. were collected from Wudu pupolations and Tanchang pupolations. ISSR (Intersimple sequence repeat) markers were used. ISSR data were analyzed with the program POPGEN 1.32. The UPGMA tree and PCoA analysis was constructed using Ntsys software. The AMOVA analysis used Arlequin 31 software and Population structure analysis used the structure 2.3.4 software.Results The results of the ISSR-PCR showed that 126 (72.83%) of the 173 ISSR locitested were polymorphic by the nine primers. The change of percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) of wild germplasm populations were 49.71%-61.85%. The average of PPL was 55.78%. Two populations of species level of observed number of alleles (N_a), effective number of alleles (N_e), Nei's gene diversity (H), and Shannon's information index was 1.728 3, 1.364 6, 0.224 2, and 0.334 5, respectively. Total gene diversity (H_t), gene diversity with provenances (H_s), the coefficient of gene differentiation (G_st), and estimate of gene flow from Gst (N_m) of cultivated and wild population were 0.223 0, 0.192 1, 0.138 9, and 3.099 4, respectively. The among-population component accounted for 16.36% of the total variation, while the within-population component accounted for 83.64%, and genetic variation occured mainly within the population. UPGMA analysis showed that 15 samples were clustered into two branches including Ⅰ and Ⅱ. PCoA and population structure analysis confirmed the partitioning results of the UPGMA clustering. Mantel correlation test showed that there existed middle-level correlations between the genetic differentiation and geographical distance.Conclusion Our studies showed that the genetic diversity of Hedysari Radix populations was at a higher level, the characteristics of genetic structure included genetic differentiation that occurs mainly within populations and perennials, which provides theoretical basis for protecting and utilizing germplasm of Hedysari Radix resources.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81360621）