目的 研究黑玛咖不同提取物的抗疲劳作用及其超高效液相色谱（UPLC）图谱与抗疲劳作用的谱效关系，为明确黑玛咖的抗疲劳作用的物质基础提供依据。方法 通过小鼠力竭游泳实验、检测肝糖原和血清乳酸水平，比较黑玛咖8种提取物的抗疲劳作用；采用UPLC-Q-TOF/MS法建立黑玛咖8种提取物的指纹图谱；以小鼠力竭游泳实验为抗疲劳作用的药效学指标，采用偏最小二乘法回归（PLSR）分析建立其谱效关系。结果 黑玛咖60%、80%、95%乙醇提取物（醇提物）均明显增加小鼠力竭游泳时间，且以95%醇提物增加作用更为显著；黑玛咖80%醇提物能显著增加因过度运动所致的降低的肝糖原水平；黑玛咖95%醇提物能明显减少小鼠负重游泳后产生的血清乳酸堆积。从黑玛咖不同提取物UPLC指纹图谱中提取出23个能够表征含量差异的特征峰。采用PLSR分析，以力竭游泳时间为药效指标时，发现黑玛咖提取物中N-苄基十六酰胺、N-苄基-5-氧代-6E，8E-十八碳二烯酰胺、1，3-二苄基-2-苯基-4，5-二甲基咪唑和N-十八烷酰胺与抗疲劳作用呈正相关，且VIP值大于1。结论 黑玛咖95%及80%醇提物具有显著的抗疲劳作用；明确N-苄基十六酰胺、N-苄基-5-氧代-6E，8E-十八碳二烯酰胺、1，3-二苄基-2-苯基-4，5-二甲基咪唑和N-十八烷酰胺是黑玛咖抗疲劳作用的主要有效成分。为深入研究黑玛咖抗疲劳药效物质基础及建立全面可靠的质量控制方法提供思路。

Objective To investigate the anti-fatigue effects and the relationship between UPLC and anti-fatigue effects of different extracts of black Maca, and to provide a basis for clarifying the material basis of anti-fatigue effects of black Maca.Methods Anti-fatigue effects of eight different extracts of black Maca were evaluated through exhaustive swimming time, contents of liver glycogen, and lactic acid in serum;UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was applied to establish the fingerprints for black Maca from eight extracts;Using the anti-fatigue effects of exhaustive swimming experiment as pharmacodynamic indicators, spectra-effect relationship was analyzed by using PLSR.Results 60%, 80%, and 95% ethanol extracts of black Maca could significantly prolong the exhaustive swimming time of mice, with the effects of 95% ethanol extract of black Maca was the strongest;The treatment of 80% ethanol extract of black Maca significantly increased the level of depressed hepatic glycogen due to excessive exercise;Moreover, 95% ethanol extract of black Maca substantially decreased the serum lactic acid accumulation after loaded-swimming.A total of 23 characteristic peaks were characterized by HPLC fingerprints of eight different extracts of black Maca.N-benzylhexadecanamide, N-benzyl-5-oxo-6E, 8E-octadecadienamide, 1, 3-dibenzyl-2-phenyl-4, 5-dimethylimidazilium, and N-octadecanamide were found to be positively related to the anti-fatigue effects with VIP>1 in extracts of black Maca from PLSR analysis by using anti-fatigue effects of exhaustive swimming time as pharmacodynamic indicators.Conclusion 95% and 80% ethanol extracts of black Maca showed the obvious anti-fatigue function.It is clear that four components N-benzylhexadecanamide, N-benzyl-5-oxo-6E, 8E-octadecadienamide, 1, 3-dibenzyl-2-phenyl-4, 5-dimethylimidazilium, and N-octadecanamide are the principal anti-fatigue substances in black Maca.The study has the contribution to to explore the material basis of anti-fatigue effects and provides new ideas for the omprehensive and reliable quality control of black Maca.