目的 运用主成分与单因素方差分析有机结合的方法，从整体和局部双重角度观察山楂叶4种提取物对血瘀证大鼠血液流变学类、红细胞类、血小板类和凝血时间等27个指标的影响，分析指标所蕴含的信息，为山楂叶提取物活血化瘀作用机制的研究提供新的思路。方法 将48只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和给药组，利用冰水浴联合sc盐酸肾上腺素制备血瘀证模型，对照组和模型组ig等剂量生理盐水，给药组分别ig 4种山楂叶提取物（A、B、C、D）水溶液。采集大鼠血液样本，选取血液流变学、红细胞类、血小板类和凝血酶原时间等27个指标进行检测。采用主成分分析法对所有指标数据进行无纲量化及降维处理，生成互不相关的主成分，再将新变量（即主成分）进行单因素方差分析，将分析结果结合各主成分的贡献率和各指标的相关系数，对各组中指标群及单个指标进行综合分析，得出规律性结论。结果 通过主成分分析提取8个主成分，贡献率达到77.992%，根据主成分的信息结合单因素方差分析结果，得出第1主成分中的9个指标性成分可以取代原27个指标反映山楂叶提取物活血化瘀作用，分别是纤维蛋白原水平（FIB），红细胞总数，血小板总数，血小板平均体积，血小板压积，低、中、高切变率全血黏度，血浆黏度。山楂叶4种提取物对指标性成分的作用有所不同。结论 山楂叶提取物的活血化瘀作用主要是通过降低血液和血浆黏度、促进血红蛋白降解、增加血小板的数量、缩短凝血时间等来实现的。

Objective To observe the effects of four kinds of extracts of Crataegi Folium on hemorheology, erythrocytes, platelets, coagulation time, and other indicators of 27 indicators in blood stasis rats from the aspects of whole and local double aspects by using the combination method of principal component and one-way ANOVA, and analysis of indicators contained in the information, in order to provide new analytical ideas for the mechanism of Crataegi Folium extract on activating blood and resolving stasis. Methods Forty-eight wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, and drug group. Blood stasis model was prepared by using adrenaline in ice water bath. Both blank group and model group were given normal saline, and drug group was given hawthorn leaves extract aqueous solution. Blood samples were collected and 27 indicators such as hemorheology, erythrocyte, platelet, and prothrombin time were selected. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to decompose all the index data by dimensionless treatment and dimensionality reduction, and then the principal components were generated. The new variables (ie, principal component scores) were subsequently analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The results combined with the contribution rate of principal components and the correlation coefficient of each index was analyzed. Finally, the index groups and individual indexes in each group were analyzed synthetically, and the regularity conclusions were drawn. Results Eight principal components were extracted by principal component analysis, and the contribution rate was 77.992%. The results of theprincipal component analysis combined with the ANOVA showed that nine main components in the first principal component could replace the original 27 indicators to reflect the effect of Crataegi Folium extract on blood circulation and blood stasis, namely FIB, total number of red blood cells, total platelet count platelet volume, platelet count, blood viscosity at low shear rate, blood viscosity at middle shear rate, blood viscosity at high shear rate, and plasma viscosity. The results showed that the effects of the four extracts of Crataegi Folium on the index components were different. Conclusion The effect of activating blood and resolving stasis is mainly by reducing blood viscosity and plasma viscosity, promoting hemoglobin degradation and increasing the number of platelets, shortening the blood clotting and so on to achieve.

河北省高等学校科学技术研究重点项目（ZD2015097）；河北省高校省级重点学科建设项目（冀教高[2013]4号）；河北省中医药管理局课题（2017216）；承德市科学技术研究与发展计划项目（201606A016）；河北省高校学校科学技术研究项目（QN2017005）