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[摘要]
目的 阐明珍贵药用植物走马胎Ardisia gigantifolia所在群落的物种组成、结构特征、龄级结构及物种多样性指数特征,为其保护和规模化繁育提供科学依据。方法 设置11个10 m×10 m的样方,采用每木调查法,对样方内所有胸径≥ 2 cm、树高≥ 2 m的立木进行检测,记录种类、胸径、树高和冠幅;采用物种多样性指数进行数据处理。结果 1 100 m2的样地内共有维管束植物213种,隶属78科153属;植物区系以热带-亚热带区系性质为主;群落乔木层优势种为荷木Schima superba、拟赤杨Alniphyllum fortune、枫香Liquidambar formosana、马尾松Pinus massoniana等,灌木层优势种为走马胎、鼠刺Itea chinensis、玉叶金花Mussaenda pubescens等;走马胎种群在灌草层中均有分布,种群龄级结构呈金字塔型,I龄级幼苗储备丰富,但IV龄级成苗个体少;群落的物种丰富度(Magarlef指数)为30.04,变化度(Shannon-Wienner指数)为3.79,优势度(Simpson指数)为0.88,均匀度(Pielou指数)为0.71;群落各层次的Magarlef指数表现为草本层 > 灌木层 > 乔木层 > 藤本植物,Simpson指数表现为藤本植物 > 灌木层 > 乔木层 > 草本层,Shannon-Wienner指数表现为藤本植物 > 灌木层 > 乔木层 > 草本层,Pielou指数表现为藤本植物 > 灌木层 > 乔木层 > 草本层。这表明草本层的物种丰富度最高,但分布最不均匀,优势种的优势地位突出。结论 走马胎呈聚集分布在群落下层,为灌木和草本层的优势种,生长良好;喜温暖湿润的环境,耐阴,需散射光,喜酸性、疏松的土壤。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Objective To clarify the species composition, structural characteristics, age-class structure, and floristic diversity of the community where a precious medicinal plant Ardisia gigantifolia inhabited, and to provide a scientific basis for species conservation and large-scale-breeding management. Methods Eleven plots of 10 m×10 m were set up. Complete enumeration survey method was employed to study the species composition, diameter at breast height, tree height, and crown width. Data were analyzed using species diversity index. Results There were 213 species of vascular plant belonging to 153 genera and 78 families in the 1 100 m2 plot; The flora were dominated by tropical-subtropical elements; Dominant tree species were Schima superba, Alniphyllum fortune, Liquidambar formosana, and Pinus massoniana, while dominant shrub species were A. gigantifolia, Itea chinensis, and Mussaenda pubescens; A. gigantifolia occurred in both shrub layer and herbal layer, possessing abundant age-class I seedlings, however scanty age-class IV Shannon-individuals show pyramid-type age-class structure of the population; The species richness of the community was 30.04, the Wienner index was 3.79, the Simpson index was 0.88, and the evenness Pielou index was 0.71; The species richness index of the community ranged as herb layer > shrub layer > tree layer > liana layer, while the Simpson index varied as liana layer > shrub layer > tree layer > herb layer, and the Shannon-Wienner index ranged as liana layer > shrub layer > tree layer > herb layer, when the evenness index turned out as liana layer > shrub layer > tree layer > herb layer. It indicated that the herb layer has the highest species richness but the most uneven distribution, and the predominant species stand out prominently. Conclusion A. gigantifolia show gathering distribution in the lower layer of the community, and grown well as dominant species in shrub and herbal layer. The shade enduring species needs scattered light, prefers warm and humid environment with acid and porous soils.
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[基金项目]
广东省林业科技创新项目(2017KJCX018,2015KJCX037);中国科学院植物资源保护和可持续利用重点实验室重点项目(Y390007001);广东省科技计划项目(2013B020305001)