目的 研究栀子Gardenia jasminoides野生群体遗传多样性，为栀子野生植物资源的保护和合理利用提供科学依据。方法 利用14对EST-SSR引物对栀子19个野生群体573个个体进行研究，计算遗传参数，分析遗传多样性，进行聚类分析。结果 检测到75个等位基因，发现栀子野生群体有较高的遗传多样性水平（H_e=0.703），栀子野生群体的基因多样度（N_ei）平均为0.603，Shannon多样性指数（I）平均为1.10；群体间表现为中等程度的遗传分化（F_st=0.141）和较高水平的基因流（N_m=1.523），AMOVA方差分析结果（0.124）显示群体变异主要以群体内变异为主，Mantle检验分析结果显示地理距离与遗传距离相关程度较低，TPM检验结果显示栀子73.7%的群体在历史近期经历过瓶颈效应。结论 栀子野生群体目前保持有较高的遗传多样性水平。

Objective The genetic diversity of the natural populations of Gardenia jasminoides were investigated to provide scientific basis for its resources protection and rational utilization. Methods Fourteen pairs of EST-SSR primers were screened in 19 natural populations of 573 individuals to calculate the genetic parameters of G. jasminoides, and further cluster analysis was then carried out. Results Fourteen pairs of EST-SSR primers generated 75 loci, which showed high genetic diversity maintained in natural populations of G. jasminoides (H_e=0.703). Mean population gene diversity (N_ei) within populations was 0.603, the Shannon's diversity index (I) was 1.10. Moderate genetic differentiation (F_st=0.141) and high gene flow (N_m=1.523) among populations have been showed too. AMOVA analysis revealed that genetic variation within populations was the main sources of total variation. The Mantle test showed there was no significant correlation between genetic distances and geographic distances. Moreover, significant bottlenecks effects in two-phased model of mutation (TPM) test in 73.7% populations were detected in recent history. Conclusion The results in this study indicated that high level genetic diversity were existed in the natural G. jasminoides populations.

江西省重点研发计划项目（20161BBG70097）；江西省林业科学院博士启动项目（2014521203）；江西省林业科学院青年培养项目（2015521201）