目的 探讨黄芪及其有效成分（黄芪多糖、黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷）对上焦水饮内停大鼠的影响。方法 将大鼠随机分为对照组（0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠）、模型组（0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠）、黄芪水煎液组（5.40 g/kg）、黄芪多糖组（1.41 g/kg）、黄芪甲苷组（50 mg/kg）、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷组（30 mg/kg）及芪苈强心胶囊（1 g/kg）阳性对照组，每组各10只，除对照组外，其他各组采用肩胛区sc异丙肾上腺素和气管置管复合干预因素制备上焦水饮内停大鼠模型；各组ig给药2周后，观察大鼠体质量、心脏指数、肺指数、左心室质量指数、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左心室短轴缩短分数（LVFS）、血浆肌酸激酶（CK）、心肺组织病理学、肺泡灌洗液回抽率、肺通透指数和肺干湿比的改变。结果 与模型组相比，黄芪水煎液组、各成分组均可不同程度地改善模型大鼠一般状况，体质量明显升高（P < 0.05），心脏指数、左心室质量指数、血浆CK均不同程度降低（P < 0.05、0.01），黄芪多糖、黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷组大鼠LVEF、LVFS、肺泡灌洗液回抽率明显升高（P < 0.05），肺指数、肺通透指数和肺干湿比明显降低（P < 0.05）。结论 黄芪及其有效成分可以改善上焦水饮内停大鼠的心肺损伤。

Objective To study the effect of Astragali Radix and its components, which were astragalus polysaccharides, astragaloside IV and astragalus calycosin, on the rats model of harmful fluid retention in the upper warmer. Methods Rats were randomized into the blank group (0.5% CMC Na), the model group (0.5% CMC Na), the water decoction of Astragali Radix group (5.40 g/kg), the astragalus polysaccharides group (1.41 g/kg), the astragaloside IV group (50 mg/kg), the astragalus calycosin group (30 mg/kg), and the positive control group with Qili Qiangxin Capsule (1 g/kg), ten rats in each group. In addition to the control group, the harmful fluid retention in the upper warmer rats model were established in other groups which were induced by combined intervention factors of SC isoproterenol in the scapular region and tracheal intubation. After two weeks of gavage administration, the changes of body weight (BW), heart weight index (HWI), left ventricular mass index (LVWI), lung weight index (LWI), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), plasma creatine kinase (CK), the lung permeability index, the pulmonary alveolus pumpback amount, and the pulmonary dry wet ratio (W/D) in rats model were detected. Results Compared with model group, the water decoction of Astragali Radix group and its components groups can improve the general condition of rats in varying degrees, BW increased significantly (P < 0.05) and the levels of HWI, LVWI and CK were all decreased in different degrees (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). In the astragalus polysaccharides group, astragaloside IV group and astragalus calycosin group, the levels of LVEF, LVFS and the pulmonary alveolus pumpback amount in rats were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and LWI, the lung permeability index and W/D were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion Astragali Radix and its components can improve the function of heart and lung in response to injury in rats model of harmful fluid retention in the upper warmer.

国家重点基础研究发展计划（"973"计划）资助课题（2013CB531803）；山东省重点产业关键技术项目（2016CYJS08A01-4，2016CYJS08A01-3）